A
A-run steelhead
Summer steelhead crossing Bonneville
Dam on or before August 25.
Abdomen
Belly or lower area of a fish, especially
between the pelvic fins and anus.
Abdominal pelvics
Pelvic fins located on the abdomen
far behind the pectoral fins; pelvic bones do not attach to pectoral
girdle.
Absolute Recruitment
The number of fish which grow into
the catchable size range in a unit of time (usually a year).
Abundance Index
Information obtained from samples or
observations and used as a measure of the weight or number of fish
which make up a stock.
Accessory pelvic appendage
A tapered fleshy lobe above
the base of the pelvic fin.
Acclimate
The adaptation of an organism to
environmental changes.
Acclimation pond
Concrete or earthen pond or a
temporary structure used for rearing and imprinting juvenile fish in
the water of a particular stream before their release into that
stream.
Action of a lure:
The specific movement of a lure
through the water
Action of a rod:
Its dynamic response to load and
force, described as stiff action, parabolic action, etc.
Adaptation
Changes in an organism's structure or habits
that allow it to adjust to its surroundings.
Adfluvial
Possessing a life history trait of migrating
between lakes or rivers and streams.
Adipose fin
A small fleshy fin with no rays, located
between the dorsal and caudal fins.
Adult equivalent population
The number of fish that
would have returned to the mouth of the Columbia River in the
absence of any prior harvest.
Aeration Tank
A chamber used to inject air into water.
Aerator
A portable, battery-operated air-pump for
oxygenating the water in a livebait bucket. Some types plug into a
car's cigarette lighter and run off the car battery.
Affluent (Stream)
A stream or river that flows into a
larger one; a Tributary.
Age
The number of years of life completed, here
indicated by an arabic numeral, followed by a plus sign if there is
any possibility of ambiguity (age 5, age 5+)1.
Age-class
A group of individuals of a certain species
that have the same age.
Air-injected deadbait
A deadbait with air injected into
its body cavity with a hypodermic needle and syringe. The deadbait
then fishes off the bottom.
Air-injected lobworm
A lobworm injected with air with a
hypodermic needle and syringe. The lobworm fishes off the bottom.
Alevin
The developmental life stage of young salmonids
and trout that are between the egg and fry stage. The alevin has not
absorbed its yolk sac and has not emerged from the spawning gravels.
Alewife
A food fish belonging to the herring family.
Alkaline:
Water with a low degree of acidity
Allowance:
An amount set aside from a TAC to allow for
the expected catch of fish harvesters who are not subject to quota
management.
Amino acids
These are essential nutrients which the
body uses to make proteins. Carp anglers use them in liquid form as
an appetite stimulant in their baits.
Anadromous:
Fish that hatch rear in fresh water,
migrate to the ocean (salt water) to grow and mature, and migrate
back to fresh water to spawn and reproduce.
Anal fin
The fin located on the ventral median line and
behind the anus.
Anchored crust
A buoyant bread crust hookbait anchored
to the bottom by shot or a leger weight on the line close to the
hook. It is great for chub and roach on rivers in winter.
Anchored floater rig
A rig comprising a floating
hookbait on the surface, anchored in position by a leger weight on
the bottom. It avoids line floating on the surface which may spook
wary fish and is useful for presenting a still bait to stillwater
carp and rudd.
Angling
The act of fishing with hook and line.
Aniseed
A hookbait and groundbait flavouring, in liquid
or powder form, that is traditionally used to attract roach.
Annatto
An edible dye once widely used to colour
homebred maggots buttery yellow, but not now commonly available.
Annual (or seasonal) Total Mortality Rate
The number of
fish which die during a year (or season), divided by the initial
number. Also called; actual mortality rate, *coefficient of
mortality .
Annulus
A mark or ring that forms annually on the
otoliths, scales, and other bones of fish, that correspond to the
annual period of slow growth that fish go through. Annuli are used
by fish managers to determine age and growth of fish.
Anti-eject rig
A leger rig for carp, tench or barbel
that has a hookbait, usually a boilie, mounted on a hair rig in such
a way that a fish cannot blow out the bait without the hook pricking
its mouth.
Anti-kink vane
A small plastic strip which you mount on
the line above the wire trace to prevent the line twisting and
kinking when you are spinning, trolling or wobbling.
Anti-reverse
A device on a fixed-spool reel that
prevents the reel backwinding and giving line when it is engaged.
Anti-tangle rig
Any kind of leger rig incorporating
booms, swivels and tubing in such a way that the risk of tangling
during the cast is much reduced. They are mainly used in carp
fishing.
Aquatic community:
The interrelationships of biological
organisms within a body of water (may also apply to Great Lakes
fish)
Aquatic insects:
Water-bred insects which spend all or
part of their life in water; e.g., midges, stoneflies, mayflies
Aquaculture
The controlled cultivation and harvest of
aquatic plants or animals (e.g., edible marine algae, clams,
oysters, and salmon).
Arlesey bomb
An aerodynamic, teardrop-shaped leger
weight incorporating a small swivel, in various sizes from 3.5g
(1/8oz) up.
Artificials:
Man-made baits; e.g. spoons, plugs
Assessment level
Categories of the level of complexity
of and data available for each assessment included in this document;
index of abundance (INDEX), yield-per-recruit analysis (YIELD),
analysis of the age structure of the catch (AGE STRUCTURE), analysis
including the relationship between recruitment and spawning stock
size (SPAWNING STOCK) and assessment that allows prediction of
future (one or two years ahead) stock sizes and catches
(predictive). These levels are detailed in the subsection titled
Kinds of Assessments.
Atomizer
An atomizer is useful for spraying groundbait,
bloodworm and joker with a fine mist of water, to prevent them
drying out. You can add flavourings to the water.
Automatic bail arm
A bail arm on a fixed-spool reel
that springs open at the touch of a finger, to allow one-handed
casting.
Availability
1. The fraction of a fish population which
lives in regions where it is susceptible to fishing during a given
fishing season . This fraction receives recruits from or becomes
mingled with the non-available part of the stock at other seasons,
or in other years. (Any more or less completely isolated segment of
the population is best treated as a separate stock.) 2. Catch per
unit of effort.
Avon rod
A through-action, 3.4-3.7m (11-12ft) rod, with
a 0.45-0.7kg (1-11/2lb) test curve, for legering or float fishing
for big barbel, tench, chub and bream.
Avon float
A balsa, pith or poltstyrene-bodied float,
with a slim tip, and a cane or wire stem, fished top and bottom with
a bulk shot for trotting small baits in fast-flowing water.
Наверх |
B
B-run steelhead
Summer steelhead crossing Bonneville
Dam after August 25.
Backlash
A tangle of line caused by spool overrun on a
baitcasting reel.
Back lead
A sliding weight that you clip on to the line
between the rod top and leger rig after casting. It holds the line
on the bottom, so that fish are not alarmed by seeing the line or
bumping into it. It also prevents line bites.
Back-shot.
One or more small split shot pinched on the
line a few inches above the float. You can use back-shot to
stabilize the rig when pole fishing in windy conditions, to help
sink the reel line when waggler fishing in windy conditions.
Backing
line added to the back of the line, so when
spooled it fills the reel
Backtrolling
a system of boat control whereby a craft
is moved in reverse while running lures or baits
Backwinding
Allowing a running fish to take line from a
fixed-spool reel by winding the handle backwards.
Bag Limit
The number of fish an angler may legally keep
per day.
Bail arm
That part of a fixed-spool reel, comprising a
wire bar and roller, that rotates around the spool as you turn the
handle, so winding the line on to the spool.
Bait additive
Any liquid or powder used to colour or
flavour a bait, or otherwise increase its attraction to fish.
Bait apron
An apron with pouches for bait and pockets
for disgorgers, spare hooks, catapults and other small items. It
allows you to have such things to hand when wading.
Bait box
A plastic container designed to hold maggots,
casters or worms, but useful for other baits as well. The lid is
perforated to allow the bait to breathe.
Bait box holder
A plastic tray that screws into a bank
stick and has moulded receptacles to hold your bait boxes securely.
It allows you to keep your bait close to hand, as well as small
items such as disgorgers and catapults.
Baitcasting reel
A fishing reel in which the spool is
not stationary during a cast, but revolves
Bait colourings
Various powder and liquid dyes are
available to colour a variety of baits, including maggots, pastes
and boilies. The commonest colours are red, yellow and orange.
Baitdropper
A small, weighted plastic or metal device
for feeding groundbait or particle baits accurately under the rod or
pole tip. You simply attach it to the line, fill it with bait and
lower it into the water. On hitting the bottom it releases its
contents.
Baitfishing
Technique using the natural prey of other
species
Bait flavourings.
There are hundreds of different
concentrated liquid bait flavourings. Most are designed to flavour
boilies for carp fishing, but you can use any of them to flavour
other baits, such as maggots and pastes, as well as groundbait.
Baitrunner
A fixed-spool reel with an optional
free-spool mode. This allows the spool to rotate freely while the
bail arm is closed, giving fairly resistance-free line to a taking
fish. Just before you strike, a flick of a switch disengages the
baitrunner.
Balanced tackle
Tackle is balanced when the test curve
of the rod, the breaking strain of the line, and the size and
strength of the hook are all compatible.
Balling in
Throwing or catapulting in a large quantity
of groundbait all in one go - usually at the start of a session.
Ballooning
Attaching an inflated balloon to a pike rig
with a paper clip, then letting the wind drift it beyond casting
range. When the balloon reaches the required spot, you strike it off
the line, leaving your rig where you want it.
Balsa float
An all-balsa float fished top and bottom
with a large bulk shot. Its thick tip and heavy shotting capacity
allows you to long-trot a big bait in fast, deep, turbulent water.
Balsa waggler
A short, all-balsa waggler tapering to a
fine tip. In sizes up to no more than about 2BB, they are designed
for fishing on the drop with fine tackle and small baits, mainly on
canals, drains and still waters.
Banana plug
A pike plug shaped like a banana that
wobbles enticingly through the water, mimicking a sick or injured
prey fish.
Bank stick
A metal pole with a point at one end, to
push into the ground, and a screw thread at the other end, to take
an accessory such as a rod rest, bait box holder or keepnet.
Barbed hook
A hook with a barb cut into it near the
point that helps keep the bait on the hook and ensures that fish
stay hooked.
Barbel
A slender tactile process or fleshy projection
located around the head.
Barbless hook
A hook with no barb, that miminizes
damage to delicate baits, ensures full penetration of the point into
the mouth of a fish, and allows easy removal of the hook without
damaging the fish.
Barbs
Most hooks have one of three sizes of barb.
Barbless hooks have a smooth point for better penetration, bait
presentation and hooking. Barbed hooks help keep fish on the hook
during the fight.
Barrel lead
A streamlined, barrel-shaped weight that is
threaded lengthways on the line. It is most useful in rigs for pike.
Barspoons
An artificial lure comprising a metal spoon
revolving about a metal bar, and used mainly to catch pike and
perch.
Basiobranchial
The small bones behind the tongue on
which the gill arches articulate.
Bass bugs
Large, floating flies with deer hair and/or
cork bodies
Batting
Quickly winding line back on to a centrepin
reel by spinning the drum with the palm of your hand.
Beachcaster rig
Presenting a floating bait above a
leger weight with the rod propped high in the air. This keeps the
line clear of the water and so avoids spooking wary carp.
Beads
Ordinary plastic beads of various sizes have a
variety of uses. They can be used to prevent sliding floats jamming
against stop knots, and they can be incorporated into swimfeeder and
leger rigs to protect knots.
Beans
Beans of all types are a superb bait for carp,
but you must soak and cook them, otherwise they can swell up inside
a carp's stomach and kill it.
Bedchair
A portable, adjustable bedchair gives you a
combined bed and chair for long-stay sessions.
Bedding-in
This is when line being wound on to a reel
becomes trapped under coils of line already wound on to the spool.
It most often occurs when playing a large fish with a closed-face
reel that is loaded with too much line.
Bend
Bait such as maggots sit directly below the point
with a crystal bend hook, while bigger baits such as luncheon meat
fit on a round bend hook much better.
Benthic
Living at or near the bottom of a body of
water.
Bent hook rig
A carp rig that originally featured a
hook with a bent shank, which improved the hook-up rate of
self-hooking rigs. Bent hooks have been banned on some waters, so
they have been replaced by rigs in which the bend has been replaced
by a length of stiffened bend braided line.
Betalight
A small, clear plastic tube containing an
artificial glowing light source. It is fixed to a float, bobbin or
rod top for fishing at night. They remain bright for years.
Biological reference points
Fishing mortality rates
that may provide acceptable protection against growth overfishing
and/or recruitment overfishing for a particular stock. They are
usually calculated from equilibrium yield-per-recruit curves,
spawning stock biomass-per-recruit curves and stock recruitment
data. Examples are F0.1, Fmax and Fmed.
Biomass The aggregate amount of living matter or a
specific species within a specific habitat. The total number of a
specific species in a specific habitat.
Bird seed
An ingredient commonly used in boilie and paste
mixes for carp and tench.
Birdsnest
A birdsnest is when the line on your reel
becomes badly tangled around the spool.
Bivvy
A small, dome-shaped tent that can accommodate a
bedchair. It is mainly used by long-stay carp anglers.
Blank The main
component of a finished fishing rod, minus the guides and handle.
Bleak
A small, silvery, surface-feeding fish found in
large shoals in some rivers. It usually grows to no more than 28g
(1oz), and so is mainly of interest to match anglers, who have
developed techniques for amassing large weights of the fish using
the whip.
Block-end
swimfeeders
A swimfeeder with end caps,
one of which is removable, for filling with particle baits such as
maggots or hemp. It is punched with holes to allow the release of
its contents in the water.
Bloodknot
An easy to tie and commonly used knot for
joining two lengths of line.
Bloodworm
The small, red larvae of midges, found in the
silt at the bottom of most still waters, canals, drains and slow
rivers. The staple diet of many species of fish, bloodworm are
mainly used by match anglers on canals as a hookbait for small fish.
Bloodworm
scraper
A tool used to collect bloodworm.
It comprises a long handle and an angled metal blade. The bloodworm
stick to the blade when it is scraped through the silt at the bottom
of ponds.
Blue Bird Skies A
term used to describe bright, sunny, blue sky conditions that often
makes fishing tougher.
Boat control
The process of placing a boat in the correct
position with relation to the fish -- and keeping it there -- in
order to facilitate the most effective presentation
Bobber
A device which floats on the surface and allows
an angler to suspend baits at various depths and helps to signal a
strike; also called a "float"
Bobbin
A bite indicator hung on the line above the reel
when legering. Traditionally a lump of dough, the top from a bottle
of washing-up liquid, or a piece of silver paper, various
commercially made bobbins are now available.
Bodied waggler
A waggler float with a balsa or polystyrene body
at its base. The body increases the shot capacity of the float,
allowing longer-distance casting, and provides greater stability in
windy conditions.
Body-down pole
float
A pole float with a teardrop-shaped
(the thicker end towards the bottom of the float, hence
'body-down'), usually balsa, body. These floats show up on-the-drop
bites well, and are mainly used for fishing still or slow water.
Body-up pole
float
A body-up pole float is any pole
float with an inverted teardrop-shaped body (the thick end is closer
to the tip). It is mainly used to fish running water, where the body
shape allows you to hold back without the float riding out of the
water.
Boilie
A bait made by adding egg to a paste bait and
then boiling it. This gives it a hard skin that deters the unwanted
attention of small fish. Usually about the size of a marble, boilies
are used mainly in carp fishing. They come in many colours.
Boilie baiting
needle
A small, hand-held tool, like a
thin crochet hook, for mounting a boilie on a hair-rig.
Boilie drill
A small, hand-held tool with a fine drill bit,
for drilling holes in boilies or other particle baits for easy
hair-rigging.
Boilie punch
A small, hand-held tool for making a large hole
in a boilie in which to insert rig foam to create a buoyant bait.
Boilie stop
A small, angled piece of plastic that keeps the
boilie on the hair.
Boilie boat
A radio-controlled boat with a motor that takes
boilies out to your chosen swim and drops them there, allowing
accurate feeding beyond the range of a throwing stick, catapult or
boilie rocket.
Boilie catapult
A catapult with powerful elastic, a rigid cup,
and often a wrist support, designed for feeding boilies.
Boilie mix
A commercially made mix of dry ingredients from
which to make your own boilies.
Boilie rocket
A weighted, plastic container, similar to a
baitdropper, for feeding boilies or other baits beyond the range of
a catapult or throwing stick. Attached to the end of the line on a
spare rod, it is cast to the required spot, and automatically
releases the bait when it hits the water.
Boilie spike
Commercially made, spiked piece of plastic used
instead of a hair to hold a boilie close to the hook in a hair-rig.
The spikes hold the boilie in place when you cast.
Bolognese
method
A method of float fishing deep,
flowing water with a heavy pole-float rig on a running line. An
extra-long rod of 4.6-6.1m (15-20ft) in length allows you to cast a
fixed float set at full depth, and to control the float at long
range.
Bolognese rod
An extra-long 4.6-6.1m (15-20ft), telescopic or
take-apart float rod, specifically designed for fishing the
Bolognese method.
Bolt rig
A leger rig, in which the fish hooks itself.
When the hooks pricks the fish inside its mouth, the fish bolts, and
the hook is pulled home by a line clip and heavy bite indicators
such as monkey climbers or a heavy lead, or both.
Bomb rod
A light, 2.7-3.4m (9-11ft) leger rod for
quivertipping with fine line, a small hook and a small Arlesey bomb.
It can also cast small swimfeeders, and is mainly used in match
fishing. A bomb rod can have built-in, push-in or push-over
quivertips, depending on make and model.
Bottom-end
float
Any float, but normally a waggler,
that is attached to the line at the base only. The float may be
attached with a sleeve of rubber tubing, it may have an eye in its
base for threading on to the line and holding in place with locking
shot, or you can use a float adaptor.
Bouncing bomb
A little used but sometimes devastatingly
effective method of legering running water. By choosing a weight not
quite heavy enough to hold bottom, and paying out a slight bow into
the line, you can bounce your bait slowly down the river, searching
the full length of your swim.
Bow method
A method of fishing a swimfeeder in running
water. The swimfeeder is weighted so that it just holds bottom with
a bow of line paid out from the reel and the rod propped high in the
air to keep as much line as possible clear of the water. A biting
fish dislodges the swimfeeder, giving a clear drop-back bite - and
often hooking itself in the process.
Braided
hooklength
A hooklength made from
braided line, mainly used when fishing for carp, tench and barbel.
The soft braid offers more natural bait presentation than relatively
stiff ordinary line - especially line of 2.3 kg (5lb) or more
breaking strain.
Braided line
Braided line is far softer and more supple than
ordinary monofilament, and is more abrasion-resistant. It also has
very little stretch. It is mainly used to tie hooklengths for carp
and other big fish.
Bran
A useful agent for cleaning and storing
maggots, bran can also be used to bulk out a groundbait mix.
Brandling
A small (5-7.5cm/2-3in), striped worm found
mainly in compost and manure heaps. It can be a good bait for many
species of fish, especially bream and perch, and breeds well in a
wormery.
Bread crust
An excellent legered bait for roach and chub in
winter, and an excellent floating bait for carp, rudd and chub in
summer. It is best fished on a large hook - at least a size 12. It
can be flavoured and coloured.
Bread flake
Pinched on a large hook - at least a size 12 -
bread flake is a slow-sinking bait that can be legered or
floatfished. It catches all sorts of fish, and takes colours and
flavours well.
Bread paste
Little used nowadays, but good for roach, rudd,
tench and bream, bread paste is a traditional bait made by soaking
stale bread in water and then kneading it to a doughy consistency.
Flavours and colours work well with bread paste.
Bread punch
A bread punch is a small, hand-held tool for
punching a compressed pellet out of a slice of bread. Different
sizes are available for punching different-sized hookbaits.
Breadcrumbs
A common groundbait; both white and brown bread
may be used.
Break line
A definite change in depth or cover or the area
where two layers of water meet and differ in temperature, oxygen,
and/or turbidity
Breakfast
cereals
Various kinds of breakfast
cereals, including puffed wheat, are used as floating baits,
especially for carp.
Breaking
strain
The strength of pull required to
break line. Line is sold by both breaking strain (in kilograms and
grams, or pounds and ounces) and diameter (thickness in hundredths
of a millimetre or thousandths of an inch).
Bristle-tipped pole
float
Pole floats with fine plastic
bristle tips are very sensitive but cannot register the settling of
dropper shots.
Bronze bream
A deep-bodied, bottom-feeding fish found in all
types of water, but especially still or slow waters. Bream grow to
7.3kg (16lb) or more, but a 4.5kg (10lb) fish is an outstanding
specimen. Smaller bream form huge shoals and can be caught in large
numbers.
Brood stock
Adult fish used to propagate the subsequent
generation of hatchery fish.
Brown crumb
Brown breadcrumbs form the basis of many
groundbait mixes, particularly on still and slow waters for skimmers
and bream. They can be used neat, or to bulk out more expensive
Continental groundbait mixes.
Bubble float
A round, hollow float made of clear plastic,
used as a controller float to present a floating bait for rudd or
carp. You can partially fill them with water to provide casting
weight.
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheeks or the cavity of the
mouth.
Buck
A spawning male fish
Bucktail
Lure dressed with deer hair
Bug flies
A cork-bodied surface fly designed to imitate a
variety of aquatic and terrestrial foods
Bullet Sinker A
cone shaped piece of lead of varying weights that slides up and down
the line.
Bulk shot
A heavy split shot, or group of split shot,
usually placed on the line just below halfway between the float and
the hook. Bulk shot are used mainly with pole floats, and
top-and-bottom running line floats such as Avons and balsas, to get
a hookbait quickly to the bottom.
Bullhead
A small bottom-feeding fish, also known as the
miller's thumb.
Buoyancy
The tendency of a body to float or rise when
submerged in a fluid.
Butt
indicator
A hinged bite indicator,
similar to a swingtip, that clips on to the rod just above the butt
ring. Butt indicators are useful when legering still or slow water
in very windy conditions, being easy to shelter with an umbrella.
Butt ring
The first ring on a rod above the reel fitting
and handle - usually on the butt section. A butt ring needs to be
large to facilitate casting.
Butt rest
A small, U-shaped rod rest head for holding the
handle of a rod when legering or float fishing.
Butterfly rod
rest
A butterfly rod rest comprises two
flexible rubber loops that grip the front of your rod when legering,
without trapping the line, but which readily release the rod when
you strike.
Button-up fry
A salmonid fry that has not completely absorbed
its yolk sac and has emerged from its spawning gravel.
Buzz bait
An artificial lure with propeller-style blades
that stir up the water upon retrieve; a type of topwater lure.
Buzzer
See 'Electronic bite alarm'.
Buzzer bar
A horizontal bar that fixes to a rod pod or
bank stick, and which is specifically designed to hold two or three
electronic bite alarms. Наверх |
C
CCPFH - Canadian
Council of Professional Fish Harvesters
This group is a national council organized to
address the need for nationally-established programmes and standards
for professional fish harvesters.
CCN - Coastal
Communities Network
A network of
community people concerned with the survival of Nova Scotia's
coastal communities. This network is a committee that includes
representatives from fishery organizations, churches, municipal
leaders, women, educational organizations, economic development
agencies, environmental groups and others. It is an open forum where
concerned people meet to discuss and plan strategic actions.
Caddis
A diverse family of aquatic insects
recognizable by down wings.
Cage
swimfeeder
An open-end swimfeeder made
from plastic or metal mesh. The mesh allows quicker release of the
contents than an ordinary plastic open-end swimfeeder. It also
offers less resistance to running water, allowing you to use less
weight to hold bottom.
Canal
catapult
A small catapult with light
elastic and a small pouch, designed for accurate loosefeeding at up
to about 15m (50ft). This makes it particularly useful on canals, or
anywhere when fishing with a pole.
Canal stand
A small, free-standing metal platform for bait
boxes and accessories, used by match anglers on canals and other
venues where the bank is flat but too hard to use an ordinary bait
box holder on a bank stick.
Cane-stemmed pole
float
Pole floats with cane stems are
designed for fishing on the drop when short-lining with a long pole,
and fishing with a bulk shot and droppers with a whip.
Cane-tipped pole
float
Pole floats with cane tips can be
shotted so that the settling of the dropper shots register on the
tip, making them useful for spotting bites on the drop.
Cane-stemmed stick
float
When used with shirt-button
shotting, cane-stemmed stick floats cock slowly, showing bites on
the drop.
Cannonball
A type of very heavy round weight used in
deep-water fishing with downriggers
Carbon-stemmed pole
float
Carbon fibre-stemmed pole floats
are a compromise between the stability of wire-stemmed floats and
the slow-cocking properties of cane-stemmed floats.
Carbon-tipped pole
float
Carbon fibre-tipped pole floats
are similar to plastic bristle-tipped pole floats in that they offer
sensitivity without the ability to register the settling of dropper
shots.
Carnivorous
Feeding on animal tissues.
Carolina Rig
A "Carolina rig" consists of an egg shaped
sinker (usually one ounce), a swivel, a leader of about 4 feet and a
large single hook. The size of the sinker and hook can vary
depending on the type of cover and how deep you are fishing. The
usual type of bait to fish with is a plastic lizard or large plastic
worm. This is an excellent method to fish drop-offs and other deep[
water cover. It also works good in the Spring for shallow water bass
Cartilaginous
fishes
A major group of fishes including
sharks and rays.
Carp bung
A large pole bung designed to fit the third or
fourth section of a pole, for use with heavy carp elastics.
Carp elastic
Heavy pole elastic designed for use with carp
poles. In the standard size range, 8, 10 and 12 all count as carp
elastics. Elastics heavier than size 12 are coded in different ways
by different manufacturers.
Carp pole
An extra-strong long pole, usually with put-in
joints, designed for fishing with carp elastics for carp of any size
up to about 4.5kg (10lb).
Carp rod
A rod designed for fishing for large carp. Some
are designed for long-distance fishing, others for stalking in the
margins. A general-purpose carp rod, however, is 3.4-3.7m (11-12ft)
long, with a through action, and a test curve of about 0.9kg (2lb).
Carp sack
A dark, soft mesh bag with a drawstring, for
temporarily retaining specimen fish in the water's edge.
Carryall
A large, waterproof nylon bag with carrying
straps, used mainly by match anglers for transporting bulky items
that will not fit inside a seat box, such as keepnets, landing nets,
bags of groundbait and boxes of bait.
Casters
The pupae of large maggots, widely used as a
bait for most species of fish, often in conjunction with hemp and
groundbait. Casters exposed to the air until they become crisp, dark
floaters are best for the hook.
Catadromous
Refers to fishes that migrate from fresh water
to salt water to spawn or reproduce such as the American eel.
Cat biscuits
A widely used floating bait for carp, cat
biscuits can also be crushed and added to groundbait or made into a
paste.
Catch Curve
A graph of the logarithm of number of fish
taken at successive ages or sizes.
Catch Per Unit Of
Effort
The catch of fish, in numbers or
in weight, taken by a defined unit of fishing effort. Also called;
catch per effort, fishing success, availability.
Catchability
"The fraction of a fish stock which is caught
by a defined unit of the fishing effort. When the unit is small
enough that it catches only a small part of the stock -- 0.01 or
less--it can be used as an instantaneous rate in computing
population change. (For fractions taken of various portions of the
stock, see ""vulnerability."") Also called; catchability
coeificient, *force of fishing mortality"
Catch-and-release
An ethical principle whereby an angler
carefully releases a fish
Catfish tube
A long, dark, soft mesh bag with a drawstring,
designed for temporarily retaining catfish in the water's edge.
Catfood paste
A hookbait made from tinned catfood, and mainly
used for catching tench and carp.
Caudal
The tail area of a fish
Caudal
The tail fin.
Caudal
peduncle
The tapering portion of a
fish's body between the posterior edge of the anal fin base and the
base of the caudal fin.
Centrepin
reel
A reel with the line wound directly
on to a freely revolving drum rather than a fixed spool. Casting
distance is limited with centrepins, but they allow excellent tackle
control when trotting. They also allow good control of hard-fighting
carp, tench and barbel when fighting close in.
Cheater line
A secondary short line attached to the main
line for running a secondary lure
Cheese
A marble-sized lump of cheese is an excellent
bait for chub, and the smellier the cheese the better. Danish Blue
is particularly highly rated.
Cheesepaste
An outstanding bait for chub, cheesepaste is
made by mixing any variety of cheese with anything from ordinary
breadcrumbs to crushed hemp. You can also add flavourings and
colourings.
Chopped
worming
A method developed by match
anglers, mainly for catching perch in clear water in winter. It
involves feeding lobworms, brandlings or redworms chopped into tiny
pieces, then pole-fishing a larger worm hookbait over the top.
Chub
A large-mouthed, hard-fighting, silvery shoal
fish found mainly in flowing water. Chub grow to 3.6kg (8lb) or
more, but a 2.3kg (5lb) fish is a specimen. They are easily spooked
by a clumsy approach, but they feed in all weathers and the careful
angler can catch them on most baits and using most tactics.
Chubber
A hollow-plastic version of a balsa float,
fished top and bottom with a large bulk shot.
Chugger
A top-water plug that has a cup-shaped mouth
Chum
Bait thrown in the water to attract fish; e.g.,
cornmeal, fish entrails
Cisco
Any of several whitefishes found primarily in
the Great Lakes region.
Clarity
The degree of visibility in a body of water as
determined by water color and turbidity; i.e., stained, dirty, muddy
Clip-on swimfeeder
weights
Flattened, pronged lead weights
of various sizes for adding weight to swimfeeders.
Close season
That time of the year when a water is closed to
angling for coarse species. It coincides roughly with the time when
most coarse fish spawn. In general, all rivers and drains are closed
from March 15 to June 15 inclusive, while most canals and still
waters are open all year round.
Closed-face
reel
A fixed-spool reel with the spool
enclosed by a housing and the bail arm replaced by a small pick-up
pin. Originally designed for spinning, they are popular for light
float fishing, especially trotting.
Cloudbait
A fine-textured groundbait that can be mixed
sloppy or dry to form an enticing cloud in the water, cloudbait is
mainly used when float fishing on still or slow waters for small
fish up in the water or on the drop.
Clutch
See 'Drag'.
Coaster
A brook trout that spends part of its life at
sea or in the Great Lakes
Cocktail bait
A hookbait that combines two or more different
baits, but usually only two. Commonly used cocktails are worm and
caster, and caster and maggot.
Coded-wire tag
(CWT)
A small (0.25mm diameter x 1 mm
length) wire etched with a distinctive binary code and implanted in
the snout of s salmon or steelhead, which, when retrieved, allows
for the identification of the origin of the fish bearing the tag.
Coffin weight
A leger weight shaped like a flattened coffin,
with a hole through the middle to thread direct on to the line.
Coffin weights are designed for holding bottom when using a running
leger in flowing water.
Cold-water
period
The stable period of very late
fall -winter - early spring
Coloured
maggots
Ordinary large white maggots
dyed different colours. Bronze, red, pink and yellow, and
fluorescent pink, red, yellow and orange (bronze) are the commonest
colours. You sometimes find a few blue, brown and green maggots as
well in a box of ‘mixed maggots’. Red maggots are particularly
sffective for perch, bream, tench and carp. Bronze maggots are the
first choice bait of many river anglers for roach, chub, barbel and
dace.
Colourings
See 'Bait colourings'.
Comfort zone
A species' ideal water temperature, pH, O2,
etc.
Common carp
Fully scaled, extremely hard-fighting fish
found mainly in still waters and canals, common carp grow to 22.7kg
(50lb) or more, but a 9.1kg (20lb) fish is a specimen. Large carp
are the favourite quarry of many specialist anglers.
Competitive
species
The relationship between two or
more species in a body of water competing for the same food and/or
spawning habitat
Cone of
vision
The area above, below, in front
of, and behind a fish, within which it can see
Conditional Fishing
Mortality Rate
The fraction of an
initial stock which would be caught during the year (or season) if
no other causes of mortality operated. (Also called fishing
mortality rate).
Conditional Natural
Mortality Rate
The fraction of an
initial stock that would die from causes other than fishing during a
year (or season), if there were no fishing mortality. Also called;
annual natural mortality rate, seasonal natural mortality rate.
Confidence
rig
A running paternoster rig that
allows a wary fish a little resistance-free line, giving it the
confidence to take the bait properly.
Continental
groundbaits
Groundbaits originally
developed by European match anglers, and containing all manner of
ingredients such as pigeon droppings, crushed hemp, ground peanuts,
ground maize and crushed biscuits. Increasingly popular in Britain,
many commercial makes and mixes are now widely available, offering a
variety of textures and flavourings for a variety of uses.
Contour lines
Continuous lines on a map indicating depth used
by anglers to identify structure
Controlled
drift
A system of boat control in which
a motor, oars, paddles, or a push pole are used in addition to wind
and current drift
Controller
floats
A loaded float designed to fish a
floating bait, especially on still waters for surface-feeding rudd
or carp. It is used more as a casting aid than a bite indicator.
Countdown
method
Counting as a lure sinks to
determine the desired depth of retrieve
Cover Any
feature in a body of water which provides protection for individual
or groups of fish; e.g., weeds, rocks, deep water
CPR
Short for Catch, Photograph, Release.
Crank bait
A plug with a lip that causes it to dive.
Crimp
A metal band squeezed on to a wire trace to
secure the wire to the eye of a hook or swivel, in place of a knot.
Crimp pliers
Crimp pliers have specially shaped jaws to
secure crimps to wire traces with an even pressure, without
weakening the wire.
Critical Size
The average size of the fish in a year-class at
the time when the instantaneous rate of natural mortality equals the
instantaneous rate of growth in weight for the year-class as a
whole. Also called; *optimum size.
Critically balanced
bait
A hookbait, usually a boilie, whose
buoyancy is such that it perfectly balances the weight of the hook,
to minimize resistance to a taking fish.
Crowquill
Crowquills fished top-and-bottom with the fat
part uppermost were the forerunners of stick floats. Crowquills
fished bottom-end only with the slim tapering end uppermost are
still used by many anglers in preference to balsa wagglers.
Crucian carp
A small, bottom-feeding, shy-biting species of
carp found mainly in still waters. Crucians grow to 2.7kg (6lb) or
more, but a 1.4kg (3lb) fish is a specimen.
Crunching
pole
A strong, stiff pole, usually with
put-in joints, used by match anglers to take heavy weights of bream
and roach, fishing to hand, on prolific waters such as those found
in Denmark and Ireland. A heavy rig is used, and is tied direct to a
cut back and adapted top section.
Crushed hemp
Hempseed that has been coarsely ground. Crushed
hemp has an oily texture and is an excellent groundbait additive,
especially for roach, chub, carp and tench.
Crystal-bend
hook
A hook whose bend is sharply angled
below the point, rather than being rounded. Crystal-bend hooks are
mainly designed for wriggly baits such as maggots and worms. The
sharp angle in the bend prevents such baits masking the point.
Ctenoid
Having a comb-like margin.
Ctenoid
scales
Smooth, flat, round scales that
have concentric lines called circuli, found on trout, herring, and
other fish.
Наверх |
D
DFO - Department of
Fisheries and Oceans
A federal
government department responsible for the protection and management
of fish stocks and their habitat.
Dace
A small, silvery shoal fish found mainly in
flowing water. Often confused with chub, the dace has a much smaller
mouth and a concave rather than convex anal fin. It averages only
around 100g (a few ounces) and a 0.45kg (1lb) fish is an outstanding
specimen.
Damp leem
A fine-textured, dampened, clay that, when
mixed with groundbait, makes heavy balls that sink straight to the
bottom and break up very slowly. It is widely used in matches by
pole anglers, in conjunction with jokers as feed, to create an
attractive bed of food on the bottom. It is also used as a binder
for neat joker.
Deadbait
A dead sea, game or coarse fish used as a
hookbait, usually for pike, but sometimes also for zander, catfish,
eels, perch and chub.
Deadbait
needle
A tool for threading a deadbait
on to the line or wire trace before attaching the hook or hooks.
Dead Sticking
A technique that is primarily used with the
Slug-Go or other soft jerk baits but you can use this with other
lures or plastic worms. You cast out your lure and let it sit on the
bottom without moving it for as long as you can standi it and then
let it sit even longer. When you do move it move it just ever so
slightly
Deep-diving
plug
A plug with a slightly angled
plastic vane so that it dives steeply when retrieved.
Deep-water
zone
The main basin of a lake or the
channel of a river or reservoir
Dendrobena
A large variety of brandling that is only
available from tackle shops.
Depth control
Controlling your lure or bait at a specific
depth
Descaling
A condition in which a fish has lost a certain
percentage of scales. Disco maggots
Maggots that are dyed with fluorescent colours
are sometimes known as disco maggots.
Dibber
A small pole float, usually made from peacock
quill or balsa, with a bulbous tip. Dibbers are mainly used on
canals, with casters as bait, to catch roach from the bottom of
shallow far-bank swims.
Disgorger
A small plastic tool for unhooking fish, a
disgorger has a slotted head which slides down the line and over the
eye or spade of the hook. Disgorgers with different-sized heads are
available for different-sized hooks.
Distal
Away from the point of attachment or origin.
Diving plugs
These are floating lures which have vanes at
the front which make them dive on the retrieve. The larger the vane
and the shallower the angle, the deeper the dive.
DNR
Short for Department of Natural Resources.
Dog biscuits
Dog biscuits are a commonly used floating bait
for carp, and can also be crushed and added to groundbait, or made
into a paste.
Domed-top stick
float
A stick float with a domed top is
easier to see at long range than one with a pointed top. It offers
greater buoyancy and stability, making it more suited to fishing
overdepth.
Domhof knot
A knot used to tie hooklengths to spade-end
hooks.
Dorsal fin
The fin situated on the back of the fish
Dotting
Shotting a float so that only the smallest
possible amount of tip is visible above the surface.
Double-handled
fixed-spool reel
A double handle on a
fixed-spool reel is preferred by some anglers for legering because
it is better balanced than a single handle and therefore allows
finer adjustment of the tension in the line.
Double-ringed balsa
slider
A balsa float with a small side
ring on the top and bottom in place of float rubbers, to allow it to
be used as a sliding float.
Downrigger
A metal device, resembling an oversized rod,
that is mounted to the decking of a boat and can be lowered or
raised on a metal cable; used to present lures in deep water on
light lines
Drag
an adjustable mechanism that allows a hooked
fish to take the line off the reel to avoid break-offs.
Drift
the movement of a lure, natural food, or a boat
when they move naturally with the flow of water or prevailing winds.
Drilled
bullet
A spherical leger weight with a
hole through the middle to thread direct on to the line.
Drop-back
bite
When a biting fish dislodges the
leger weight or swimfeeder, causing the line to slacken and the bite
indicator to drop back.
Drop-off
A point where there is sharp increase in depth
Drop-off bite
alarm
A bite indicator that combines an
electronic bite alarm with a large bobbin. It is mainly used when
legering for pike.
Dropper shot
One or more small shot that are spread between
the hook and the float, or between the hook and the bulk shot. It
aids bite detection because as soon as the fish moves it, the
movement shows up on the float.
Dry fly
A fly which floats on the surface of the water
and imitates mature aquatic insects
Dry leem
Fine powdered clay that you can add to
groundbait in the same manner as damp leem, but which is more often
sprinkled on neat jokers to separate them before adding them to
groundbait. Наверх |
E
EA: - Enterprise
Allocation
A quota from a certain
species that is allocated to a company.
EFF - Eastern
Fishermen's Federation
A Maritime
umbrella organization made up of inshore fishermen's organizations.
ESFPA - Eastern
Shore Fishermen's Protective Association
Inshore fishermen's organization representing
multi-species license holders on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia,
under the umbrella of the EFF.
Echo sounder
A portable electronic device that uses sonar to
determine the depth of water, and display the information on a
read-out. Boat anglers fishing large still waters find them very
useful.
Ecosystem
A system formed by the interaction of a
community of organisms within their environment
Edge concept
Edges can be related to areas of temperature,
water clarity, current, or structures, and they often hold catchable
fish; e.g., active, feeding bass found on the weedline
Eel
Freshwater eels are migratory fish that live in
all sorts of waters but spawn in the Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic
Ocean. You can catch them on a variety of bottom-fished baits,
especially lobworms and small deadbaits. They feed well on summer
nights. but they rarely feed in winter. They grow to more than 4.5kg
(10lb), but fish over 2.3gk (5lb) are a rare catch.
Eel section
A section of eel body used as a deadbait when
fishing for pike or zander.
Effeciveness Of
Fishing
A general term referring to the
percentage removal of fish from a stock, but not as specifically
defined.as either rate of exploitation or instantaneous rate of
fishing.
Egg sinker
A type of weight shaped like an egg with a hole
in the middle
Egg take
The number of eggs taken at hatcheries when
adult salmon and steelhead are spawned.
Egg-to-smolt
survival
The numerical difference
between the number of fertilized eggs produced by a groups of fish
and the number of smolts resulting from those eggs.
Elderberries
Soft, ripe elderberries can be an effective
hookbait for roach, especially when loosefeeding hempseed.
Electronic bite
alarm
A compact, battery-operated device
for legering, mainly used by carp anglers. It detects line movement,
which it registers with a beep, or buzz, and a small light.
Elver
A young freshwater eel. They migrate from their
birthplace in the Sargasso Sea to rivers and lakes all over Europe
and the Americas, where they mature into fully-grown eels, ready to
make the migration back to their spawning grounds.
Emarginate
Having the margin notched.
Embeddedness
The degree to which dirt is mixed in with
spawning gravel.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an
organism becomes self supporting.
Emergence
The process during which fry leave their gravel
spawning nest and enter the water column.
Emerger
An aquatic insect in the process of rising to
the surface to become a flying adult.
Emigration
Referring to the movement of organisms out of
an area. See immigration and migrating.
Epilimnion
The warm layer of water above the thermocline
Equlibrium
Catch
The catch (in numbers) taken from
a fish stock when it is in equilibrium with fishing of a given
intensity, and (apart from the effects of environmental variation)
its abundance is not changing from one year to the next.
Equlibrium
Yield
The yield in weight taken from a
fish stock when it is in equilibrium with fishing of a given
intensity, and (apart from effects of environmental variation) its
biomass is not changing from one year to the next. Also called;
sustainable yield, equivalent sustainable yield.
Euryhaline
Having a wide tolerance to salinity.
Eutrophic
lake
a body of water that is rich in
dissolved nutrients, but can be deficient in oxygen.
Even-year run
A population of fish that returns to its
natural spawning grounds in even numbered years.
Exotic
species
A species that is not native to
a body of water, but has been introduced to it intentionally or by
accident
Exploitation
pattern
The distribution of fishing
mortality over the age composition of the fish population,
determined by the type of fishing gear, area and seasonal
distribution of fishing, and the growth and migration of the fish.
The pattern can be changed by modifications to fishing gear, for
example, increasing mesh or hook size, or by changing the ratio of
harvest by gears exploiting the fish (e.g., gill net, trawl, hook
and line, etc.).
Exploitation
rate
The proportion of a population at
the beginning of a given time period that is caught during that time
period (usually expressed on a yearly basis). For example, if
720,000 fish were caught during the year from a population of 1
million fish alive at the beginning of the year, the annual
exploitation rate would be 0.72.
Eyed egg
A fish egg containing an embryo that has
developed enough so the eyes are visible through the egg membrane.
Eyed hook
A hook with a small eye on the end of the
shank, through which you thread and knot the line. Eyed hooks are
mainly used in the larger sizes, from size 16 up.
Eyed/spade-end
hooks
Small hooks (size 16 or below)
tend to be spade end, while larger sizes tend to be eyed. A spade is
lighter than an eye for the same size hook, making the hook lighter
and improving bait presentation with small baits. Наверх |
F
FCC - Fisheries
Council of Canada
Organization
representing large fish-processing companies, including National
Sea, Clearwater, Fishery Products International Ltd., SPANS (Seafood
Producers Association of Nova Scotia) and others.
FMO's - Fisheries
Management Orders
FRCC - Fisheries
Resource Conservation Council
A
partnership of government, industry and the scientific community.
Created in 1993 to act as an advisory board to the Minister of
Fisheries.
FNFA - Fundy North
Fishers Association
Inshore fish
harvesters organization on the New Brunswick side of the Bay of
Fundy.
F0.1
The fishing mortality rate at which the
increase in yield-per-recruit in weight for an increase in a
unit-of-effort is only 10 percent of the yield-per-recruit produced
by the first unit of effort on the unexploited stock (i.e., the
slope of the yield-per-recruit curve for the F0.1 rate is only
one-tenth the slope of the curve at its origin).
Falcate
Hooked or curved like a sickle.
Fall-run fish
Anadromous fish that return to spawn in the
fall.
Fan cast
To make a series of systematic casts to cover
an area around the angler
Feature
finder
A rig comprising a large, sliding
float and a heavy weight, set up on a spare rod and used on still
waters to plumb a swim and locate such features as weedbeds and
gravel bars. It can also be used as a marker float.
Fecundity
The total number of eggs produced by a female
fish.
Feeder
The term 'feeder' is a commonly used
abbreviation for a swimfeeder.
Feeder Creek
A tributary that runs into a larger stream or
river.
Feeder
maggots
An alternative name for squatts
that is mainly used in the north of England.
Feeder worm
A larger than normal type of joker that is
about half the size of a bloodworm.
Figure-of-eight
knot
A simple knot for tying a small
loop in the end of a piece of line.
Fine-wire
hook
Hooks made from fine wire are
useful in the smaller sizes (18 and below) when fishing with fine
line for small fish. Their light weight allows more natural
presentation of small baits such as pinkies, while their fine wire
minimizes damage. Fin Ray
A soft or hard cartilaginous rod in fins.
Fingerling
Refers to a young fish in its first or second
year of life.
Fish
antiseptic
Antiseptic cream, gel, spray
or lotion for treating small sores or wounds on fish before
returning them to the water.
Fish Ladder
A series of pools arranged like steps that fish
utilize to move upstream over a dam.
Fish oil
Various kinds of fish oil can be used to
flavour deadbaits, pastes and boilies.
Fishery
A place for catching fish.
Fisheries
management
The scientific practice of
studying the aquatic ecosystem and applying measures to keep it
balanced
Fishfinder
An electronic device that uses sonar to
determine the depth of water, but which also displays the depth and
position of fish beneath the boat. It displays this information in
LCD picture of the lake or river bed and the fish.
Fishing
Effort
1. The total fishing gear in use
for a specified period of time. When two or more kinds of gear are
used, they must be adjusted to some standard type 2. Effective
fishing effort.
Fishing
Intensity
1. Effective fishing effort.
2. Fishing effort per unit area 3. Effectiveness of fishing.
Fishing
Mortality
Deaths in a fish stock caused
by fishing.
Fishing Power
The catch which a particular gear or vessel
takes from a given density of fish during a certain time interval.
For example, larger vessels (horsepower) have a greater ability to
catch more fish, thus the greater their fishing power. Also,
improvements in a vessel or gear, such as fish finders, Loran, etc.,
can increase fishing power.
Fishing
pressure
The effect of angling on
specific fish populations
Fishing
regulations
Governmental measures to
protect a species or its environment; e.g., prohibiting the fishing
of fragile species during the spawning period
Fishing 'to
hand'
Fishing a whip or pole with a rig
that is the same length as the pole, so that fish can be swung in or
netted without the need for unshipping sections of pole.
Fishout
To exhaust the supply of fish in a body of
water.
Fishway
A device made up of a series of stepped pools,
similar to a staircase, that enables adult fish to migrate up the
river past dams.
Fishways
A contrivance that allows fish to pass around a
dam.
Fixed
paternoster
A rig in which an Arlesey
bomb or swimfeeder is tied to a short 15-30cm (6-12in) length of
line, called a link, which is in turn tied to the main line above
the hooklength. It is the most commonly used rig in match fishing
and general coarse fishing.
Fixed-spool
reel
The most commonly used type of reel
in coarse fishing, a fixed-spool reel incorporates a bail arm which
winds the line on to a fixed spool, and which is opened to allow
line to peel smoothly off the spool when you cast.
Flake punch
A small, moulded plastic device for punching a
compressed piece of flake out of a slice of bread.
Flat lead
See 'Flattened lead'.
Flat-pouched
catapult
A catapult with a flat mesh
pouch, designed for loosefeeding maggots, casters and hemp.
Flat-top
float
A type of pole float, usually made
from peacock quill or balsa, and similar to a dibber, with a thick
tip and a flat top. Dotted down flush with the surface, they combine
buoyancy with stability and sensitivity.
Flattened
lead
An Arlesey bomb-type lead with a
flattened profile, to offer less resistance to the flow, for a given
weight, in running water.
Flattened
leger
A flattened leger is an Arlesey
bomb with a flattened profile. It holds bottom better than an
ordinary Arlesey bomb in running water, but cannot be cast with the
same accuracy.
Flavour
enhancer
A bait additive, usually in
liquid form, designed to enhance the attractiveness of a bait
flavouring.
Flavourings
See 'Bait flavourings'
Flick-tip
A fine, flexible, shock-absorbing tip section
for a long pole, for use instead of elastic when fishing to hand.
Flick-tip
connector
A small plastic connector that
you glue to the tip of a whip, or to the tip of a flick-tip pole
section, and to which you attach your float rig.
Flies
Bits of fur, feathers, and other materials that
are tied on a hook so that they imitate insects, baitfish, etc.
Flippin'
Method using an underhand pendulum motion with
a long rod to present sinking lures to fish in heavy cover
Float adaptor
A small, flexible sleeve of eyed rubber tubing
for attaching a bottom-end float to the line. A float adaptor allows
you to change your float without having to remove all the shot on
the line.
Float box
A container for storing floats. A float box is
useful if you don't have a seat box with storage drawers. It is
usually compartmented, and should be waterproof. Floater-diver
A
plug that floats when not being moved, but runs beneath the surface
when retrieved
Float
legering
Fishing a still bait on the
bottom with a rig that combines a float with a running leger.
Float rod
A rod designed for float fishing. Most float
rods are 3.7-4m (12-13ft) long, although shorter and longer ones are
available, and have either a solid, spliced tip to give a tip-action
for stick-float fishing, or a hollow tip to give a more through
action for waggler fishing. Most float rods are designed for use
with 340-680g (12oz-1 1/2lb) hooklengths, but more powerful versions
are also available.
Float rod
rest
A float rod rest is a wide rod rest
with a flexible rubber top, to support the front of your float rod
when you want to put the rod down to rebait or unhook a fish. It is
wide to allow you to drop the rod in it without looking.
Float rubbers
Small, hollow sleeves of rubber or silicone for
attaching top and bottom floats, such as pole floats, sticks, Avons
and balsas, to the line. Various sizes are available.
Float tube
A hollow plastic tube, with removable caps, for
storing floats in.
Floater
Any floating bait used to catch surface-feeding
fish. Commonly used floaters are cat and dog biscuits for carp, and
bread crust for rudd or chub.
Floating line
Line that floats on the surface. Some makes of
line are designed to float, others can be made to float by greasing
them or spraying them with silicone line floatant. Floating lines
are useful when trotting, and when fishing floaters.
Floating
maggots
Ordinary large maggots that have
been made to float by placing them in just enough water to cover
them for about 20 minutes. They counter the weight of the hook, and
are a useful stillwater hookbait, especially in summer when fishing
on the drop for fish feeding up in the water.
Fluoro
maggots
Maggots that are dyed
fluorescent colours are sometimes known as fluoro maggots.
Fluted Avon
An Avon float with a fluted body, to grip the
flow. Fluted Avons are rarely seen these days.
Fluted bomb
An Arlesey bomb with fluted sides to make it
more aerodynamic for long-distance casting.
Fluvial
Migrating between main rivers and tributaries.
Of or pertaining to streams or rivers.
Fmax
The rate of fishing mortality for a given
exploitation pattern rate of growth and natural mortality, that
results in the maximum level of yield-per-recruit. This is the point
that defines growth overfishing.
Fontanelle
Unossified gap between cranial bones.
Foot platform
A metal footrest that can be attached to the
front of a platform, or to extendable legs fixed to a seat box. A
foot platform is useful when sitting in shallow water or on a steep
bank.
Forage Fish
Small fish which breed prolifically and serve
as food for predatory fish.
Forceps
Forceps are essential to remove treble hooks as
well as single hooks that are too big for even the biggest
disgorger.
Forged hook
A hook made from metal that has been forged for
extra strength. Forged hooks are mainly used when fishing for big,
hard-fighting fish.
Frame
swimfeeders
A streamlined swimfeeder
comprising a plastic frame around which groundbait can be moulded.
Designed originally for long-distance bream fishing on shallow still
waters, frame feeders are now most often used when fishing the
Method.
Free-running
rig
Any leger rig that allows a fish to
run with the bait without feeling any resistance from the leger
weight.
Free-spool
mode
See 'Baitrunner'.
Free-swimming
livebait
A floatfished livebait that is
not tethered to the spot by a heavy weight and which is free to swim
where it will with the float in tow.
Freelining
Fishing with only a baited hook on the end of
your line, freelining is mainly used when fishing with a large bait
for big fish at close range in clear water. Frenum
Referring to
the membrane that binds the lip to the snout or lower jaw.
Freshet
The sudden rising of a stream or river by means
of heavy rain or melting snow
Front trolling A
system of boat control in which a bait or lure is trolled behind a
boat moving forward
Fry
A stage of development in young salmon or
trout. During this stage the fry is usually less than one year old,
has absorbed its yolk sac, is rearing in the stream, and is between
the alevin and parr stage of development. Наверх |
G
Gag
A device for gently holding open the jaws of a
pike or zander to allow you to unhook it easily without cutting your
hand on the teeth of the fish.
Gaff
A large metal hook for landing fish; prohibited
in some areas
Game fish
A fish that is regulated by law for
recreational harvest.
Gape
To open the mouth wide. In Zoological terms, it
means the measurement of the widest possible opening of a mouth.
Ghost carp
An ornamental variety of carp that is ghostly
white in appearance. Ghost carp are often stocked in commercial
stillwater fisheries.
Gill rakers
A series of projections located along the front
edge of the gill arch.
Gills
The fleshy, and highly vascular organs
comparable to lungs used in aquatic respiration.
Glycerine
A clear gel used to prevent wet line freezing
to rod rings in winter.
Golden Orfe
An ornamental golden version of the orfe or
ide. It has been introduced to a number of still waters in Britain
where it grows to around 2.7kg (6lb).
Gozzers
Soft, white homebred maggots that are a deadly
hookbait for bream. Not commercially available, gozzers are the
larvae of a variety of bluebottle that only lays its eggs on fresh
meat and in the dark.
Grass carp
An imported, weed-eating species of carp
stocked in a few British still waters where it grows to about 9.1kg
(20lb).
Gravel
See cobble.
Grayling
A member of the salmon family that spawns at
the same time as coarse fish and not in January-March as other
salmon family members do. Despite this, it is still considered a
game fish.
Grilled hemp
Hemp that has been grilled and crushed is sold
as an alternative groundbait additive to ordinary crushed hemp.
Grilse
Salmon less than 22 inches (56cm) Fork Length
(FL).
Grinner knot
A stronger knot than a half-blood knot, for
tying line to eyed hooks or swivels.
Ground
peanuts
Ground peanuts are a common
ingredient of Continental groundbaits, but are also sometimes sold
as a separate groundbait additive.
Groundbait
Breadcrumbs mixed with water and thrown in or
fed via a swimfeeder to attract fish, either on its own or with the
addition of other baits. Groundbait can also contain such things as
crushed hemp and ground maize, as well as any number of flavourings
and colourings.
Groundbait
bowl
A shallow, rigid or foldable
plastic bowl, with rounded corners to facilitate an even groundbait
mix.
Groundbait
catapult
A catapult with powerful
elastic and a large rigid cup for firing balls of groundbait into
the water.
Groundbait
paste
A hookbait made from a stiff mix
of groundbait, used in conjunction with groundbait, mainly to catch
bream.
Growth
overfishing
The rate of fishing, as
indicated by an equilibrium yield-per-recruit curve, greater than
which the losses in weight from total mortality exceed the gain in
weight due to growth. This point is defined as Fmax.
Gudgeon
A small, streamlined, bottom-feeding shoal
fish, similar in appearance to barbel, but seldom exceeding 28g
(1oz), gudgeon are found mainly in rivers and canals, and are
sometimes targeted by match anglers.
Guides
Loops along the length of the rod through which
the line is passed
Наверх |
H
Habitat
Lhe location where a plant or animal species
lives as determined by environmental factors
Hair rig
A rig originally devised to fool wary carp, but
now widely used for big fish of other species, a hair rig comprises
a bait, usually a boilie, mounted on a short plastic or nylon 'hair'
attached to the shank or eye of a bare hook.
Half
bloodknot
The simplest and most widely
used knot for tying line to eyed hooks, swivels and Arlesey bombs.
Hatch box
A device used to incubate relatively small
numbers of fish eggs. The hatch box is usually located adjacent to a
stream, which supplies the box with water.
Hawg/hog
A hawg is a term used for a bragging size bass.
For Smallmouth that would be over 5 pounds
Headwater
Small stream which is the beginning of a river
system hen a spawning female
Healthy stock
A stock of fish experiencing production levels
consistent with its available habitat and within the natural
variations in survival for the stock.
Helicopter
rig
A bolt rig devised by carp anglers
for tangle-free long-distance casting, comprising a weight fixed to
the end of the line, and a hooklength tied to a swivel trapped
between two beads fixed immediately above the weight, so the
hooklength can rotate 360 degrees. It is based on a simple fixed
paternoster.
Hempseed
Boiled and simmered until white shoots sprout
from the grains, hempseed is a widely used hookbait for roach, and
loosefeed for roach, carp, tench and barbel.
Heterocercal Said of the tail when the vertebrae curve
upward into the upper lobe of the caudal fin.
Hi-tech lines
Also known as prestretched or low-diameter
lines, hi-tech nylon monofilament lines offer less stretch but more
strength for a given diameter than ordinary line. They are mainly
used for hooklengths in pole fishing, where the pole elastic
compensates for their lack of stretch.
holding area
Any specific position in a body of water to
which fish are attracted because of its cover or food
Holding back
Trotting a float at a slower speed than the
surface current, so that the hookbait goes down the swim at the same
speed as, or slower than, the current at the bottom of the river.
Home range
The area that an animal traverses in the scope
of normal activities. This is not to be confused with territory,
which is the area an animal defends.
Homing
The ability of a salmon or steelhead to
correctly identify and return to their natal stream, following
maturation at sea.
Honey Hole
A slang term used to describe a specific hole
or an area containing big fish and/or a high number of fish.
Hook wallet
A plastic wallet with numerous sections for
storing spare spade-end hooks tied to nylon.
Hooklength
The length of line, usually of a lower breaking
strain than the main line, that joins the hook to the main line.
Hook tyer
A small, hand-held device for tying line to
spade-end hooks, a hook tyer is particularly useful for tiny hooks.
Hooklength
stiffener
A gel sometimes used by carp
anglers to stiffen part or the whole of soft-braided hooklengths.
Hook-to-nylon
A spade-end hook sold ready-tied to a
hooklength, with a loop ready-tied in the other end.
Hooks
Hooks used in coarse fishing range from size 2,
the biggest, to size 28, the smallest. Fine wire, medium wire and
forged hooks are available, with or without barbs, and with spade
ends or eyes, and short or long shanks.
Hot-shotting
A presentation whereby a wobbling plug is
fished in a river directly downstream from a boat or wading angler
Husbandry
The scientific management and control of the
hatchery environment for the production of fish or wildlife.
Hybrid
A cross between two species of fish. The
commonest are roach/bream hybrids, once known as Pomeranian bream
and thought to be a separate species.
Hydrology
(Hydrologic)
The science that deals with
the distribution, properties, and circulation of water on land
surface, in the soil, underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere.
Hypolimnion
The colder layer of water below the thermocline
ichthyology the study of fishes Наверх |
I
Ice-breaker
A heavy weight joined to a length of rope by a
few feet of chain, ice-breakers are commonly used by match anglers
on frozen canals.
Ichthyology
The specific branch of zoology that deals with
the study of fishes.
Imbricated
Lying lapped over each other in regular order
(like scales of a fish or shingles on a roof).
Immigration
Referring to the movement of organisms into an
area. See emigration and migrating.
Imprinting
The physiological and behavioral process by
which migratory fish assimilate environmental cues to aid their
return to their stream of origin as adults.
Inbreeding
Mating or crossing of individuals more closely
related that average pairs in the population.
Incubation
The period of time from egg fertilization until
hatching.
Indian reed
A buoyant material, also known as Sarkandas,
often used to make wagglers.
Inferior
mouth
The type of mouth that opens on
the ventral surface (like sturgeon).
Inflated worm
method Inserting an air bubble into a worm with a hypodermic
needle
Instantaneous Rate
Of Fishing Mortality
When fishing and
natural mortality act concurrently, F is equal to the instantaneous
total mortality rate, multiplied by the ratio of fishing deaths to
all deaths. Also called; rate of fishing; instan- taneous rate of
fishing; *force of fishing mortality .
Instantaneous Rate
Of Growth
The natural logarithm of the
ratio of final weigl1t to initial weight of a fish in a unit of
time, usually a year. When applied collectively to all fish of a
given age in a stock, the possibility of selective morta lity must
be considered .
Instantaneous Rate
Of Mortality
The natural logarithm (with
sign changed) of the survival rate. The ratio of number of deaths
per unit of time to population abundance during that time, if all
deceased fish were to be immediately replaced so that population
does not change. Also called; *coefficient of decrease.
Instantaneous Rate
Of Natural Mortality
When natural and
fishing mortality operate concurrently it is equal to the
instantaneous total mortality rate, multi- plied by the ratio of
natural deaths to all deaths. Also called; *force of natural
mortality .
Instantaneous Rate
Of Recruitment
"Number of fish that grow
to catchable size per short interval of time, divided by the number
of catchable fish already present at that time. Usually given on a
yearly basis; that is, the figure just described is divided by the
fraction of a year represented by the ""short interval"" in
question. This concept is used principally when the size of the
vulnerable stock is not changing or is changing only slowly, since
among fishes recruitment is not usually associated with stock size
in the direct way in which mortality and growth are."
Instantaneous Rate
Of Surplus Production
"Equal to rate of
growth plus rate of recruitment less rate of natural mortality--all
in terms of weight and on an instantaneous basis. In a ""balanced""
or equilibrium fishery, this increment replaces what is removed by
fishing, and rate of surplus production is numerically equal to rate
of fishing. Also called; *instantaneous rate of natural increase."
Interorbital
The space between the eyes.
Introduction Ihe
intentional or accidental placement of fish in a body of water;
intentional scientific introduction of fish is also called
"stocking"
In-line bomb
A bomb with a lengthways hole through which you
run the line, mainly used in the larger sizes in rigs for carp.
Insert
waggler
A waggler with a tip made from a
short length of thin cane, reed, plastic or peacock quill, for
greater sensitivity.
Invertebrate
drift
Stream and terrestrial
invertebrates that float with the current.
Inverted teardrop
pole float
See 'body-up pole float'.
Irish
brandling
A larger than normal type of
brandling, found in Ireland.
Iteroparous
Species that reproduce repeatedly during their
lifetime. |
J
Jack pike
A pike of any size up to about 4.5kg (10lb).
Jerk baits
Very large stick baits which the angler must
jerk to impart action
Jigging
Imparting an up-and-down or sideways action to
a jig
Jigs
Lures with a lead head moulded around the hook;
many are dressed with fur, plastic, or feathers
Joker powder
A fine powder for sprinkling on damp jokers to
separate them for more even mixing into groundbait.
Jokers
Small, red, gnat larvae, collected from
polluted streams and used almost exclusively by match anglers for
small fish on canals, as a hookbait and as feed, often in
conjunction with bloodworm. Наверх |
K
Keeper ring
A small ring whipped on to the butt section of
some rods, to hold the hook when the tackled-up rod is not in use.
Keepnet
A round or rectangular nylon mesh tube, with a
screw-thread attachment for a bank stick, and rigid plastic
shape-retaining hoops, for temporarily retaining fish in the water's
edge.
Keepnet
damage
Damage caused to the scales or
fins of fish by the mesh of badly designed keepnets.
Kelt
A spent or spawned out steelhead salmon.
Knot picker
A pointed tool, often combined with a
disgorger, for unpicking unwanted knots in your line.
Kype
The distinctive hooked jaw that male salmon
develop during spawning.
Krill
Small abundant crustaceans that form an
important part of the food chain in Antarctic waters.
Наверх |
L
Lake
classifications
Broad categories of lake
types; eg. " oligotrophic, " " mesotrophic, " and " eutrophic "
Lake zones
Specific water zones; e.g., shallow water.
water
Lamprey
A small, boneless, eel-like jawless fish, found
in clear, fast streams. It lives as a parasite and scavenger and is
highly prized as a livebait or deadbait for chub and pike.
Landing net
An essential aid for landing fish too big to be
lifted straight from the water, a landing net comprises a round or
triangular mesh head, and a one-piece, take-apart or telescopic
handle.
Landlocked
fish
Any species that is limited to a
body of fresh water without access to the sea
Lateral line
A series of sensory pores opening to the
exterior along the side of fish.
Laying on
Float fishing overdepth, usually with a
top-and-bottom float, to present a still bait on the bottom.
Leader
The transition between the line and the lure,
often made of heavier line, lighter line, or wire
Leather carp
A scaleless variant of the common carp.
Leem (or
leam)
See 'Damp leem', 'Dry leem'.
Legering
Using a rig incorporating a weight, such as an
Arlesey bomb, and no float, to present a still bait on the bottom.
Leger beads
A leger bead is a small plastic bead that runs
on the main line. It has a small side-eye to which the swimfeeder,
weight or link is attached.
Leger booms
A short, hollow plastic tube, used in leger
rigs, through which the line is threaded. They are most common in
anti-tangle rigs.
Leger stops
A small plastic sleeve held in place on the
line with a removable plastic peg, used to stop a sliding leger
weight or swimfeeder the required distance from the hook.
Length
Frequency
An arrangement of recorded
lengths which indicates the number of times each length or length
interval occurs.
Lentic
Characterizing aquatic communities found in
standing water.
Lift bite
A bite which shows up on a float by the float
rising up in the water. It is caused by the biting fish taking the
weight of some of the shot on the line.
Lift method
A method devised primarily for stillwater
tench, featuring a quill float attached bottom-end only, and all the
shot close to the hook, which is fished on the bottom. When a fish
picks up the bait and shot you get a clear lift bite.
Light
conditions
Refers to intensity of
daylight; e.g., cloudy day -- low light conditions, sunny day --
high light conditions
Lignum-stemmed stick
float
A stick float with a stem made of
lignum, a heavy wood that sinks in water. This produces a stable
float that can be cast farther, and held back harder, than a
cane-stemmed stick float, but not one suitable for fishing on the
drop.
Limnetic
Referring to a standing water Ecosystem (ponds
or lakes).
Limnology
The study of lakes, ponds and streams.
Line bite
A line bite, or liner, is a false bite from a
fish swimming into or close to the line. Line bites are commonest
when legering for bream and float fishing for small carp.
Line clip
A small clip found on the spools of many
fixed-spool reels, designed to retain the end of the line when not
in use. When legering or float fishing at long range for fish that
do not fight hard, such as bream and roach, clipping the line up
after casting to the required spot at the start ensures that you
cast the right distance every time throughout the rest of the
session.
Line floatant
A liquid specially designed for spraying on to
line to make it float.
Line greaser
A plastic, grease-filled device that clips on
to the rod. Winding the line through the greaser coats it in grease
to make it float.
Line
standards
Fishing line is often rated by
pound-test, which refers to the amount of steady strain a line can
withstand; other factors are limpness, shock and abrasion
resistance, diameter, and elasticity
Line threader
A needle-like tool to make it easier to thread
the line through rod rings. It is particularly useful when tackling
up in the dark, and in cold weather when fingers are numb.
Link legering
Quivertipping close to the bank, downstream of
your rod, in running water, with light tackle and a small Arlesey
bomb or one or two swan shot on a link (a length of line).
Lipless
Crankbait
As the name implies this is a
crankbait that doesn't have a lip or bill. They are designed with a
sloping front and large treble hooks to be retrieved through a
variety of cover. They range in sizes from about 1/8 ounce to one
ounce. They are usually worked around weeds, rocks and other types
of shallow cover
Liquidized
bread
Fresh white bread chopped into
fine particles in a food processor, to use as groundbait when
fishing punched bread.
Little and
often
A style of feeding whereby a small
amount of feed is thrown into the swim at regular and frequent
intervals.
Littoral zone
The region of land bordering a body of water.
Live box
A container filled with water and often
equipped with accessories such as aeration equipment that is used to
hold and transport live fish.
Livebait
A live fish that is used as a hookbait, mainly
by anglers fishing for pike, zander, perch or catfish.
Livebait
bucket
A water-filled container, usually
with an aerator attached, for storing livebaits.
Loach
There are two species of loach in British
waters - the stone loach and the spined loach. They feed on the
bottom and grow to around 56-85g (2-3oz).
Loaded float
Any float, but usually a waggler, in which some
or even all of the shot capacity is built into the base in the form
of brass or lead rod.
Lobworm
A large garden worm that can be used whole or
in sections on the hook, especially for eels, chub, tench, carp,
barbel, bream and roach, or chopped up for use as feed.
Locking shot
Two or more split shot used to lock a waggler
on to the line, to hold the float in place and provide casting
weight.
Logbook
A diary in which to keep a record of fishing
trips, recording such data as baits and methods used, number and
size of fish caught, and weather and water conditions.
Long pole
Available in lengths up to 16m (52ft), in
1-1.5m (3-5ft) sections, long poles are mainly used in match
fishing, to fish light float rigs, usually on a short line. This can
allow greater speed and accuracy, better bait presentation and a
higher proportion of bites hit, than fishing a running line with a
rod and reel. The top sections of the pole are usually fitted with
shock-absorbing elastic, for playing fish.
Long-lining
Fishing a long pole to hand, with a rig the
same length as the pole. Long-lining is mainly used for trotting.
Long-shanked
hook
A hook with a long shank makes
unhooking small-mouthed fish easier when fishing with very small
hooks (sizes 20 and below).
Long-term potential
catch
The largest annual harvest in
weight that could be removed from a fish stock year after year,
under existing environmental conditions. This can be estimated in
various ways, from maximum values from production models to average
observed catches over a suitable period of years.
Loop method
Fishing with a swimfeeder sliding on a 15-30cm
(6-12in) loop tied in the main line above the hooklength. The rig
ensures tangle-free casting, and is most often used on running water
in conjunction with the bow method.
Loop-to-loop
knot
A simple and strong way of joining
two lengths of line, particularly the hooklength and reel line.
Loosefeeding
Throwing samples of bait into your swim, by
hand or by catapult, without the aid of groundbait, to attract fish
and induce them to feed. Loosefeeding is usually best done on a
little-and-often basis.
Loosefeed
catapult
A catapult for loosefeeding
baits such as maggots, casters and hemp. Models with different
strength elastics and different-sized pouches or cups are available.
Lotic
Meaning or regarding things in running water.
Luncheon meat
A widely used bait, especially for carp,
barbel, tench and chub, luncheon meat can be used straight from the
tin or fried, coloured and flavoured.
Lunker
A slang term used to describe a very large
bass.
Lure fishing
Fishing with an artificial lure - a fly,
spinner, spoon or plug - usually for pike or perch.
Наверх |
M
MFU - Maritime
Fishermen's Union
A Maritime
organization representing inshore fish harvesters made up of MFU
Locals throughout the Maritimes.
Macroinvertebrate
Invertebrates visible to the naked eye, such as
insect larvae and crayfish.
Maintainable
Yield
"The largest catch that can be
maintained from the population, at whatever level of stock size,
over an indefinite period. It will be identical to the sustainable
yield for populations below the level giving the MSY, and equal to
the MSY for populations at or above this level""."
Maggot binder
A sticky white powder used to bind maggots into
a ball so that you can catapult them accurately over long distances.
Maggot riddle
A riddle designed to separate dead skins and
freshly turned casters from large maggots. It is also useful for
sieving freshly mixed groundbait to remove any lumps.
Maggots
Large maggots, the larvae of bluebottles, are
the most commonly used bait in coarse fishing. They can be bought in
their natural white colour or dyed a variety of colours.
Maize meal
Maize meal is a good medium in which to keep
and clean maggots and pinkies, and is a useful groundbait additive,
especially when you want a heavy mix.
Mandibular
Pertaining to the lower jaw.
Marker float
A large, easily seen float, fixed on the line
above a heavy weight and cast in with a spare rod when fishing at
long range on still waters, to act as a marker when casting and
feeding.
Marker shot
A small shot incorporated into an overdepth
float rig and positioned on the line to mark the exact depth.
Marshmallows
Often used as a floating bait for carp.
Mashed bread
Stale bread soaked in a bucket of water to use
as groundbait when fishing with flake or crust on the hook,
especially on rivers in winter for roach and chub.
Maxillae or
maxillaries
The upper jaw, the upper jaw
bones.
Maximum Sustainable
Yield
The largest average catch or yield
that can continuously be taken from a stock under existing
environmental conditions. (For species with fluctuating recruitment,
the maximum might be obtained by taking fewer fish in some years
than in others.) Also called; maximum equilibrium catch ; maximum
sustained yield; sustainable catch.
Mealworms
Small, wiry grubs that can be an effective
hookbait, especially for roach.
Medium-wire
hook
Hooks made from medium-gauge wire
are stronger than fine-wire hooks but not as strong as forged hooks;
they are good all-round hooks.
Mending the
line
This keeps a float trotting in a
straight line. The angler momentarily traps the line against the
spool with a finger as it peels off the reel, and flicks the rod tip
to keep the line behind the float.
Mental
Pertaining to the chin or mentum.
Mesotrophic
The middle stage of a lake's geological aging
process; these lakes are usually fertile, warm to cool bodies
Metabolism
The rate at which a fish's biological functions
occur; i.e., breathing, digestion
Method
See 'The Method'.
Method
swimfeeder
An adapted frame swimfeeder
incorporating heavy, shock-absorbing pole elastic, for fishing the
Method.
Microbarbed
hook
A hook with a tiny barb to minimize
damage to the mouth of a fish and to baits such as maggots.
Microbung
A small plastic bung that fits inside the top
section of a pole and to which the elastic is attached, when only
the top section of pole is elasticated.
Midi boilies
Boilies between mini and standard boilies in
size - usually around 10mm (2/5in) in diameter.
Migrant
Life stage of anadromous and resident fish
species which moves from one locale, habitat or system (river or
ocean) to another.
Migrating
Moving from one area of residence to another.
Milt
The sperm of fishes.
Minced meat
Minced beef used as loosefeed or with
groundbait when fishing slivers of steak on the hook for chub.
Mini boilies
Small boilies of about 6mm-10mm (1/5-2/5 in) in
diameter.
Minnow
A shoal fish found in running water but rarely
exceeding 7.5cm (3in) in length. Minnows are regarded as a nuisance
by most anglers, but make effective livebaits or deadbaits for
perch, eels and chub.
Minnow trap
A device made from a bottle that is baited with
bread and lowered into the water on a string to catch minnows.
Mirror carp
A variety of common carp with only a few large
scales.
Mixed stock
A stock whose individuals originated from
commingled native and non-native parents; or a previously native
stock that has undergone substantial genetic alteration.
Mixers
Pet food mixers which make excellent floating
baits for carp.
Molasses
A sweet, sticky groundbait additive that is
especially attractive to bream.
Mole hill
soil
A groundbait binder popular with
match anglers, especially when used with bloodworm and joker and
with chopped worm.
Monkey
climber
A bite indicator used when
legering. It incorporates a bobbin that slides up and down a metal
spike.
Monofilament
Single-strand nylon, the material from which
ordinary fishing line is made.
Morphology The
body shape of a species
Mortality
The number of fish lost or the rate of loss.
Movements
Locational shift of fish from one area to
another, usually on a daily or seasonal basis
Mudfeet
Plastic or metal discs placed under the legs of
a platform or seat box to stop it sinking into soft mud.
Multiplier
reel
A type of reel that incorporates a
revolving spool, and is most often used when spinning or trolling
for pike.
Multistrand
line
A hooklength material comprising
numerous soft, fine strands that separate in water, making it very
hard to see. It is designed to fool wary fish such as big carp.
Myomeres
The muscle segments.
Наверх |
N
Nail clippers
A useful tool for neatly trimming the line
close to knots.
Narrow-gaped
hook
A hook with a narrow gape between
point and shank. Narrow-gaped hooks are usually long-shanked and
fine-wire, with a crystal bend, for use with small baits such as
bloodworm.
Natal
Birth place.
Natal stream
Stream of birth.
Natural
Mortality
Deaths in a fish stock caused
by predation, pollution, senility, etc., but not fishing.
Naturally spawning
populations
Populations of fish that
have completed their entire life cycle in the natural environment
without human intervention.
Net Increase (or
decrease)
New body substance elaborated
in a stock, less the loss from all forms of mortality.
Negative
Fish at the lowest feeding mood, usually
stressed by one or more factors in their environment
Neutral
The middle stage of fish activity
Neutral buoyancy
device
A plastic device for determining
the exact amount of shotting needed to cock a pole float when making
up pole rigs at home.
Nitrogen
narcosis
A condition suffered by fish
when taken suddenly from deep water to the surface, causing
expanding gases by rapid decompression
Nominal catch
The sum of the catches that are landed
(expressed as live weight or equivalents). Nominal catches do not
include unreported discards.
Noodle rod
A special long, soft rod that can handle light
lines
Nuts
Various kinds of nuts can be used to catch
carp, but they must be soaked and cooked, otherwise they can swell
up inside a carp's stomach and kill it.
Nymphs
Flies made to sink below the surface of the
water and imitate immature insects Наверх |
O
Odd-year run
A population of fish that returns to its
natural spawning grounds in odd numbered years, such as the pink
salmon.
Offset hook
A hook with the point bent at a slight angle to
the shank. If you lay this kind of hook down, it will not sit flat.
Oligotrophic
A body of water that is deficient in dissolved
nutrients, but can be rich in oxygen.
Olivettes
A teardrop-shaped weight, used as a bulk in
pole float rigs, that threads on to the line and is held in place
with shot or a small plastic peg.
Open-end
swimfeeders
A plastic swimfeeder with no
end caps, so that it can be filled with groundbait. It is punched
with holes to quicken the release of its contents in the water.
Open water
Upper water layer of a lake, from the outside
edge of the first major drop-off down to the deep-water zone
Opercle
Refers to the largest bone in the operculum.
Operculum
The gill cover.
Optimum Yield
(OY) The yield from a fishery which provides
the greatest overall benefit to the nation with particular reference
to food production and recreational opportunities; it is based on
MSY as modified by economic, social or ecological factors. Precision
and Accuracy Precision is the closeness to each other of repeated
measurements of the same quantity or object, while accuracy is
closeness of a measured or computed value to its true value.
Organic Baits
Minnows, insects, worms, fish eggs, cut bait,
cheese, or similar substances used as a lure.
Outmigration
The migration of fish down the river system to
the ocean.
Outplanting
Hatchery reared fish released into streams for
rearing and maturing away from the hatchery sites.
Outpoint hook
A hook with the point curved slightly away from
the shank, to make it more difficult for a biting fish to eject the
bait without the point pricking its mouth. Outpoint hooks are mostly
used with hair-rigged baits.
Oxbow
A U shaped bend in a river or stream.
Oxygen factor
The necessary amount of dissolved oxygen to
sustain fish, supplied by current, wind, and the photosynthesis of
aquatic vegetation Наверх |
P
PV1 binder
A sweet, sticky, powdery groundbait additive,
useful when you need a heavy mix that goes straight to the bottom
and breaks up in the water very slowly.
Palatines
Paired bones in the roof of the mouth, lateral
to vomer; may bear teeth.
Pan fish
Small fish, usually of the sunfish variety such
as bluegills
Papilla
A small fleshy projection.
Papillose
Covered with papilla.
Parameter
"A ""constant"" or numerical description of
some property of a population (which may be real or imaginary). Cf.
statistic."
Parasites
Organisms that infest and draw nourishment from
a host, including game fish
Parietals
Pared bones on posterior roof of skull, lateral
to supraoccipital.
Parr
The developmental life stage of salmon and
trout between alevin and smolt, when the young have developed parr
marks and are actively feeding in fresh water.
Parr marks
Distinctive vertical bars on the sides of young
salmonids.
Particle
baits
A term used by carp anglers to
describe small baits, such as maggots, hemp, casters, beans and
peas, that are fed in large quantities.
Particle glue
A tasteless, odourless and harmless substance
for sticking large numbers of small baits such as hemp to a large
hook.
Passive Integrated
Transponder (PIT) tags
Passive
Integrated Transponder tags are used for identifying individual
salmon for monitoring and research purposes. This miniaturized tag
consists of an integrated microchip that is programmed to include
specific fish information. The tag is inserted into the body cavity
of the fish and decoded at selected monitoring sites.
Paternoster
rig
A rig in which hooklength branches
from the main line, rather than being a continuation of it.
Pattern
Any reoccurring locational/presentational
situation, which can be duplicated elsewhere in the body of water
being fished
Peacock quill
Sections of quill from the tail feathers of
peacocks are often used to make waggler floats.
Peak period
A period in the seasonal cycle of a species
that is marked by high activity and is very productive for the
angler
Peat
A popular groundbait additive that gives a
dark, fluffy, cloudy mix without adding food value.
Pectoral fins
The anterior(front) paired fins, attached to
pectoral (shoulder) girdle.
Peg
A numbered swim drawn by a competitor in a
fishing match.
Pelagic
Of or in the open ocean or open water.
Pelvic fins
Posterior paired fins, located in the abdominal
position or towards the rear.
Pencil float
Also known as a pike waggler, a pencil float is
a large but slim balsa or hollow plastic float used when float
fishing small livebaits or deadbaits for pike or zander in still or
slow waters. It is attached bottom-end only.
Peperami
A spicy sausage, chunks of which can be used as
a bait for barbel, chub, tench and carp.
Perch
A large-mouthed, boldly striped, predatory
shoal fish found in all types of water, perch grow to 2.3kg (5lb) or
more in weight, but a 0.9kg (2lb) fish is a specimen. They are most
often caught on livebaits or deadbaits.
Peritoneum
Membrane lining the body cavity.
Pet food
Tinned dog and cat food, cat and dog biscuits,
bird seed mixes, and fish pellets and flakes can all be used to make
paste baits, mainly for carp, while cat and dog biscuits can also be
used as floating baits, again mainly for carp.
PH
The system of measuring the level of acidity in
a liquid on a scale of O to 14; each fish species has a preferred pH
level
Pharyngeal
teeth
Teeth located behind the gills and
before the esophagus, and anchored in bone.
Phytoplankton
Microscopic floating plants, mainly algae, that
live suspended in bodies of water and that drift about because they
cannot move by themselves or because they are too small or too weak
to swim effectively against a current.
Pheasant
quills
Inverted pheasant quills make
sensitive floats similar to crowquills and balsa wagglers.
Pigeon
droppings
Dried and powdered pigeon
droppings are a common ingredient of Continental groundbaits,
especially those aimed at roach.
Pike
A streamlined, predatory fish found in all
types of water and growing to 18kg (40lb) or more, although a 9.1kg
(20lb) fish is a specimen. Pike are best fished for with artificial
lures, livebaits or deadbaits.
Pike bung
A bulbous float designed to support a livebait
or deadbait when fishing for pike.
Pike flies
Large artificial flies that imitate small fish,
and used when fly-fishing for pike.
Pike rod
A rod designed for pike fishing, usually 3.7m
(12ft) long, with a test curve of 0.9-1.4kg (2-3lb). Rods with
different test curves, tapers and actions are available for
different kinds of piking.
Pike slider
A pike slider is a streamlined balsa or hollow
plastic float with a hole running through its length. It is threaded
on the line in sliding float rigs and stopped the required distance
from the bait by a bead and stop knot.
Pike tube
A long mesh tube with a drawstring, designed
for temporarily retaining pike in the water's edge.
Pinkies
Small, lively, pinkish-white maggots that are
the larvae of the greenbottle, pinkies are mainly used by match
anglers on canals and still waters. Coloured pinkies are available,
the commonest colours being bronze, red and fluorescent pink.
Pieces
"Individual items, as in the expression ""two
dollars a piece"" . Individual fish."
Placoid scale
Small plate-like scales that have a rough
exterior edge found on sharks and related species.
Plankton
Minute floating forms of microscopic plants and
animals in water which cannot get about to any extent under their
own power. They form the important beginnings of food chains for
larger animals.
Plastic-stemmed
stick float
Plastic-stemmed stick floats
make excellent all-round stick floats, the plastic being heavier
than cane but lighter than wire, and allowing you to fish on the
drop while retaining stability.
Plastics
Soft, pliable lures made of plastic; available
in an infinite variety of designs
Platform
A portable, lightweight aluminium platform with
adjustable legs. Platforms make useful bait box stands, seats, and
bases for seat boxes, especially on venues with sloping banks or
shallow margins.
Plug
A three-dimensional lure that runs on top of or
through the water; also called a crank bait bait.
Plummet
A small weight that is attached to the hook to
ascertain the exact depth of your swim when float fishing.
Point
An extension of land which slopes into deep
water
Pointed-top stick
float
A stick float with a pointed top
can be dotted right down for extra sensitivity. Less stable and less
visible than a domed-top stick float, it is best used for fishing
off the bottom in steady water at close range.
Polarizing
sunglasses
Polarizing sunglasses are
useful when stalking fish in clear water, as they cut out surface
glare and make it easier to see into the water.
Pole bung
A tapered plastic cone to which the pole
elastic is attached, and which fits tightly inside one of the top
sections of the pole.
Pole Cat
A catapult designed for loosefeeding maggots,
hemp or casters one-handed while fishing the long pole.
Pole cup
A plastic cup that clips securely near the tip
of a pole, for accurately loosefeeding or groundbaiting a swim when
short-lining with a long pole.
Pole cushion
A seat-box cushion with a central groove, to
allow you to sit safely and comfortably on the butt section when
fishing the long pole.
Pole elastic
Elastic, of various grades, that is fitted
inside the top sections of pole, to act as a shock-absorber when
striking into and playing fish.
Pole elastic
lubricant
A liquid designed to
facilitate the smooth passage of elastic from inside a pole, to
allow smooth playing of fish without jerking them off the hook.
Pole elastic
tensioner
A small plastic device, fitted
just above a pole bung, on which the pole elastic can be wound to
adjust its tension.
Pole elastic
threader
A length of springy wire for
threading elastic through one or more sections of pole.
Pole joint
protector
A canned spray that dries into
a hard sheen and reduces wear on the joints of a pole.
Pole joint
restorer
A canned, carbon-based spray
that restores loose, worn pole joints.
Pole rest
A pair of hooped rests, usually attached to the
side of a seat-box, used to support a long pole out over the water.
Pole roller
A support with rolling bars that, when
positioned behind you, allows you to feed a long pole back and forth
smoothly.
Pole umbrella
An umbrella with a hole in one panel through
which you can feed a long pole back and forth.
Pole-end
protector
A plastic or rubber buffer
that fits on to the butt of a pole to protect it from damage in use.
Pole winder
A plastic holder on which to store a ready tied
pole-float rig.
Pole winder
anchor
A looped rubber tether to secure
the line at the end of a pole float rig to its winder.
Polyballs
Polyballs are small balls of polystyrene of
various sizes. They can be used to pop-up deadbaits. They can also
be incorporated into various float and leger rigs by threading them
on to the line with a boilie needle.
Pond
A body of water smaller than a lake, often
artificially formed.
Pool
A deep, slack area of a pool or river
Pop-up boilie
A boilie made buoyant by microwaving it, or by
the insertion of a piece of rig foam.
Pop-up
deadbait
A deadbait made buoyant by
being injected with air or by the insertion of polystyrene balls or
rig foam.
Positive
Referring to fish intent on feeding; also
called "active"
Powergum
Thick, shock-absorbing line used to connect a
weight or swimfeeder to the main line when casting long distances.
Prebaiting
Baiting up a swim before fishing it, either the
day or night before, or over a period of several days or even weeks.
Predator/prey
relationship
The relationship of
baitfish and other forage to the fish which eat them
Presentation
The act of placing the correct bait at the
correct depth and speed to trigger a response from the fish
Pre-smolt
A juvenile salmon or steelhead that has not yet
reached the physiological state known as a smolt.
Pre-spawning
mortality
Generally refers to
non-fishery mortality of adult salmon and steelhead between the time
the fish enter the Columbia River and the completion of spawning.
Precocious
Fish that have matured quickly, or faster than
the remaining fish of its age-class.
Predation
Hunting and killing another animal for food.
Premaxilla
The paired bones forming the front of the upper
jaw.
Preopercle
The large membrane bone lying in front of and
parallel to the opercle.
Preorbital
The membrane bone lying in front of and below
the eye.
Production
1. The total elaboration of new body substance
in a stock in a unit of time, irrespective of whether or not it
survives to the end of that time. Also called; *net production ;
*total production. 2. *Yield.
Pteryhoids
Bones of the roof of the mouth lying behind and
articulating with the palatines.
PTFE bush
A Teflon tube that fits on to the tip of a pole
to allow the smooth, friction-free passage of pole elastic.
Pulses
Various kinds of pulses (beans and peas) can be
used to catch carp, but they must be soaked and cooked, otherwise
they can swell up inside a carp's stomach and kill it.
Punch crumb
Commercially produced white breadcrumb
groundbait for use when fishing punched bread on the hook.
Put-in pole
A take-apart pole in which the base of each
section fits inside the top of the next. Put-in poles tend to be
heavier and stronger than put-over poles, and are most often used
when fishing for carp or when fishing to hand for big weights of
fish.
Put-over pole
A take-apart pole in which the base of each
section fits over the top of the next. Put-over poles tend to be
lighter and easier to unship than put-in poles. Most ordinary long
poles have put-over joints.
PVA
A material that dissolves in water, PVA comes
in tape, bag and string form for a variety of uses, such as
attaching a string of boilies to the hook.
Pyloric
Pertaining to that part of the stomach from
which the intestine leads.
Pyloric
caecum
A projection in the form of a
blind sac attached to the intestine near the posterior end of the
stomach. Наверх |
Q
Quiver
A rod holdall designed to carry rods ready
made-up with reels and rigs attached.
Quivertip
A bite indicator for legering that comprises a
ringed length of fine, flexible, tapered fibre-glass or carbon
fibre. Some quivertips screw into the tip ring of an ordinary leger
rod, but most quivertip rods either have a built-in quivertip.
Наверх |
R
Radio-telemetry
Automatic measurement and transmission of data
from remote sources via radio to a receiving station for recording
and analysis.
Ramus
A branch; a projecting part.
Rate Of
Exploitation
The fraction, by number, of
the fish in a population at a given time, which is caught and killed
by man during the year immediately following . The term may also be
applied to separate parts of the stock distinguished by size, sex,
etc. Also called; *fishing coefficient .
Rate Of
Removal
An inexactly-defined term that
can mean either rate of exploitation or rate of fishing--depending
on the context .
Rate Of
Utilization
Similar to rate of
exploitation, except that only the fish landed are considered. The
distinction between catch and landings is important when
considerable quantities of fish are discarded at sea.
Ray
One of the supports of a fin.
Rear
To feed and grow in a natural or artificial
environment.
Rearing
Refers to the amount of time that juvenile fish
spend feeding in nursery areas of rivers, lakes, streams and
estuaries before migration.
Recruitment
The amount of fish added to the exploitable
stock each year due to growth and/or migration into the fishing
area. For example, the number of fish that grow to become vulnerable
to the fishing gear in one year would be the recruitment to the
fishable population that year. This term is also used in referring
to the number of fish from a year class reaching a certain age. For
example, all fish reaching their second year would be age 2
recruits. Recruitment Curve, Reproduction Curve; A graph of the
progeny of a spawning at the time they reach a specified age (for
example, the age at which half of the brood has become vulnerable to
fishing), plotted against the abundance of the stock that produced
them.
Recruitment
overfishing
The rate of fishing above
which the recruitment to the exploitable stock becomes significantly
reduced. This is characterized by a greatly reduced spawning stock,
a decreasing proportion of older fish in the catch, and generally
very low recruitment year after year.
Recruits
The total numbers of fish of a specific stock
available at a particular stage of their life history.
Redd
A nest of fish eggs covered with gravel.
Redworm
Small (2.5-5cm/1-2in) red worm found in compost
and manure heaps. Redworms are a good bait for many fish, especially
bream and perch, and are easy to breed in a wormery.
Reel fittings
Sliding plastic, carbon or metal sleeves
attached to the handle of a rod to secure the reel in place. Some
rods have fixed screw-fittings.
Relative
Abundance
An estimate of actual or
absolute abundance; usually stated as some kind of index; for
example, as bottom trawl survey stratified mean catch per tow.
Reproduce
To produce offspring.
Resident
species
Species of fish which spend
their entire lives in freshwater.
Retrieve
The various ways of working a cast lure back to
the angler
Rhythm method
A summer method of fishing for dace in
mid-water with a waggler and maggots by spraying the surface with
maggots and striking repeatedly each cast until a fish is hooked.
Rig
Fishing equipment; most often refers to an
outfitted boat or specially prepared terminal tackle
Rig foam
Buoyant foam rubber, which you can use to make
pop-up boilies and pop-up deadbaits.
Rig rest
A wide, multi-notched device for neatly keeping
spare, ready-rigged top sections of pole clear of the water or of
bankside vegetation. It screws into a bank stick.
Rig spool
A large plastic drum around which you can wind
and store spare carp or pike leger rigs.
Rig tubing
Lengths of plastic tubing used mainly by carp
anglers to create tangle-free leger rigs.
Rig wallet
A large plastic wallet with envelopes in which
you can store ready-made pike or carp rigs.
River
classifications
According to the
geological aging process, rivers or sections of rivers are
classified as young, middle aged, or mature; young rivers are
usually at headwaters and low in fertility; middle-aged sections are
further downstream and more fertile; mature sections have deeper,
slower-moving waters with high fertility and lower oxygen levels
Rivulet
A small stream or brook.
Roach
A silvery, bottom-feeding shoal fish,
widespread in all types of water and growing to 1.8kg (4lb) or more,
although a 0.9kg (2lb) roach is the fish of a lifetime.
Rod bag
A nylon or cloth bag for storing a rod, usually
with a separate compartment for each section of rod.
Rod holdall
A large, waterproof nylon tube with carrying
straps, for transporting your rods, poles, bank sticks and umbrella.
Rod holder
A device attached to the decking of a boat in
which you place your rod; useful when trolling large baits
Rod licence
By law, all coarse anglers must carry a
temporary or annual rod licence purchased from a Post Office.
Rod pod
A stable, rigid metal frame, with attachments
for buzzer bars, for supporting one or more rods when legering. Rod
pods are mainly used when fishing for big carp. They are very useful
on hard banks.
Rod rest
A plastic device that screws into a bankstick,
used to support a rod clear of the ground and water. Various kinds
are available to support both the butt and top of a rod.
Rod taper
The taper of a rod determines the way in which
it bends. Fast-taper rods have a tip action, slow-taper rods a
through-action. Some rods have compound tapers, which share some of
the attributes of both types.
Rod tubes
Rigid plastic tubes, usually with caps, for
safe storage of rods inside a rod holdall.
Roe
The eggs of fishes.
Roll cast
One of the basic fly casting methods whereby
the line is rolled directly off the water
Rolling leger
Fishing running water with a leger rig that
rolls and bounces along the bottom with the current.
Rotten bottom
A length of weak line connecting a leger weight
or swimfeeder to the main line, used in snaggy swims so that you
lose only the weight or swimfeeder and not the fish should the
weight become snagged during the fight. It also ensures that a fish
cannot become tethered to a snag should the line break over the rig.
Rough Fish
Those species of fish considered to be of
either poor fighting quality when taken on tackle or of poor eating
quality, such as carp, gar, suckers, etc. Most species in this group
are more tolerant of widely fluctuating environmental conditions
than Game Fish.
Run (of fish)
A group of fish of the same species that
migrate together up a stream to spawn, usually associated with the
seasons, e.g., fall, spring, summer, and winter runs. Members of a
run interbreed, and may be genetically distinguishable from other
individuals of the same species.
Round-bend
hook
Hooks with round bends have a wider
gape than hooks with crystal bends and are therefore better for
large baits such as bread, worms, luncheon meat and sweetcorn.
Round-bodied pole
float
A pole float with a spherical or
bulbous oval balsa body allows the bait to be inched through the
swim in running water without the float riding out of the water.
Roving
Travelling light and moving from swim to swim,
fishing each one for only a short period of time.
Rubber lure
A lure made from soft rubber shaped to imitate
a small fish, and fitted with trebles to catch mainly pike and
perch.
Rudd
A silvery-gold, surface-feeding shoal fish
found mainly in still waters. Frequently confused with roach, with
which it often hybridizes, rudd grow to a similar size.
Ruffe
A small (5-12.5cm/2-5in), bottom-feeding shoal
fish, found mostly in rivers and canals, and mainly of interest to
match anglers.
Rugby-ball bodied
pole float
A pole float with a
rugby-ball shaped body is a good all-round pattern, being suitable
for still and slow waters, and for fishing on the drop or on the
bottom.
Run
A term used when a fish, usually a pike or
carp, picks up your bait and swims off with it.
Run clip
Mainly used when legering for big fish, a run
clip is a plastic clip that traps the line against the rod just
above the reel, but releases the line when you get a run.
Running leger
A leger rig in which the weight runs freely on
the line to minimize resistance to a biting fish.
Running
paternoster
A paternoster rig in which
the weight is attached to a short link that runs freely on the line.
Наверх |
S
Salmonid
Fish of the family Salmonidae, that includs
salmon and steelhead.
Sample A
proportion or a segment of a fish stock which
is removed for study, and is assumed to be representative of the
whole. The greater the effort, in terms of both numbers and
magnitude of the samples, the greater the confidence that the
information obtained is a true reflection of the status of a stock
(level of abundance in terms of numbers or weight, age composition,
etc.)
Sand
Small substrate particles, generally referring
to particles less than 2 mm in diameter. Sand is larger than silt
and smaller than cobble or rubble.
Sausage meat
Flavoured or unflavoured sausage meat can be an
effective bait for carp, barbel, chub and tench.
Scalded
maggots
Maggots that have been killed by
immersing them in boiling water, so that they cannot crawl away into
the bottom silt when fed into a swim.
Scientific
method
In contrast to fishing by "luck,"
fishing based on the observation of the environment
Screw-bomb
An Arlesey bomb with a screw-in swivel
attachment to allow you to change the size of the bomb without
breaking down your whole rig.
Scute
An extendal bony plate, usually keeled.
Sea fish
Various sea fish, including sprats, sardines,
herrings, smelts and mackerel, make excellent deadbaits for pike.
Seat box
A tackle box with a carrying strap, cushioned
seat, drawers and adjustable legs.
Sediment
The organic material that is transported and
deposited by wind and water.
Self-cocking
float
A float with all its shotting
loaded into the base, to present a slow-sinking bait with no shot on
the line
Self-hooking
rig
See 'Bolt rig'.
Semelparous
Species that reproduce only once during their
lifetime.
Setting the
hook
Using the rod to drive the hook
through the mouth of the fish
Shallow-water
zone
The area of a lake from shore to
the first major drop-off
Shank
Section of hook between the eye and the point
Shallow-diving
plug
A plug with a sharply angled vane,
so that it fishes just below the surface when retrieved.
Shelf-life
boilies
Commercially produced boilies
containing food preservatives, shelf-life boilies are banned on some
waters.
Shirt-button
shotting
A waggler or stick float rig,
with small shot spaced at regular intervals between the float and
the hook, for fishing on the drop.
Shock beads
A rubber bead that is used as buffer above
knots to absorb the shock of long-distance casts when legering or
swimfeeder-fishing.
Shock leader
A length of strong line, usually about 6-10m
(20-33ft) long, connecting the reel line to the rig, to absorb the
shock of long-distance casts when legering or swimfeeder-fishing.
Short-lining
Fishing a long pole with a rig that is shorter
than the length of pole being used.
Shot bite
A false bite that occurs when a fish, usually a
roach, mistakes a small shot on the line for a grain of hemp.
Shrink tube
This is rig tubing which shrinks permanently
when boiling water is poured over it. It is useful in some
anti-tangle rigs when shrunk over links and other items which are
prone to tangling.
Side-hooking
Mounting a bait such as a boilie on the shank
of a hook on the opposite side to the point.
Silicone
tubing
Silicone rubber tubing of
different colours and diameters has a variety of uses - you can cut
float rubbers from lengths of it, use it to attach a Betalite to a
float and use it in many specialist rigs, such as semi-fixed leger
rigs.
Silkweed
Soft, green, fine-stranded weed found growing
on rocks and weir sills in running water, silkweed can be used on
the hook to catch roach and dace.
Silver bream
A deep-bodied, silvery shoal fish that is often
mistaken for small, skimmer bronze bream. Silver bream are mainly
found in eastern England, and grow to about 1.4kg (3lb).
Sink and draw
A method of fishing a deadbait or lure by
pausing occasionally on the retrieve, which allows the bait to sink
and gives it an enticing erratic motion through the water.
Sinking line
Brands of line designed to sink are useful for
legering and waggler fishing as they sink below surface drift.
Sinkers
Lead weights of various designs and sizes used
to sink baits and lures
Silt
Substrate particles smaller than sand and
larger than clay.
Skimmer
Small bronze bream up to about 0.9kg (2lb) are
called skimmers. They have silvery rather than bronze flanks.
Skirt
Usually a rubber or vinyl addition to a lure
that gives it action and texture
Slider
fishing
A method of fishing deep water
with a float sliding freely on the line. A stop knot tied of a short
length of different line and a bead above the float cock it at the
required depth.
Slim-bodied pole
float
Pole floats with slim balsa bodies
are designed for fishing shallow still waters, or deeper still
waters on the drop.
Slip-sinker
A sinker threaded on the line which slides,
preventing the fish from feeling resistance
Slipping
clutch
See 'Drag'.
Slugs
Large black slugs are a good bait for chub,
especially when freelined.
Smolt
Refers to the salmonid or trout developmental
life stage between parr and adult, when the juvenile is at least one
year old and has adapted to the marine environment.
Smoltification
Refers to the physiological changes anadromous
salmonids and trout undergo in freshwater while migrating toward
saltwater that allow them to live in the ocean.
Snake
trolling
A system of boat control in
which a lure or bait is trolled in a weaving manner in order to
impart erratic action to a lure or to avoid spooking shallow fish;
sometimes called zigzagging
Snap-link
swivels
A swivel that allows rig
components to be clipped on and off the line without breaking down
the whole rig.
Snap tackle
A wire trace with one or more sets of treble
hooks attached, used mainly in pike fishing.
Snelled hook
A hook with leader material attached
Sour-bran
specials
Not commercially available,
sour-bran specials are small, soft maggots bred by leaving out a
shallow tray containing a mixture of vegetable water, bran and sour
milk.
Spade-end
hook
A hook with a small spade rather
than an eye at the top of the shank. Spade-end hooks are mainly used
in the smaller sizes (16 and below).
Spawn
The act of reproduction of fishes. The mixing
of the sperm of a male fish and the eggs of a female fish.
Spawning stock
biomass (SSB)
The total weight of all
sexually mature fish in the population. This quantity depends on
year class abundance, the exploitation pattern, the rate of growth,
fishing and natural mortality rates, the onset of sexual maturity
and environmental conditions.
Spawning stock
biomass-per-recruit (SSB/R)
The expected
lifetime contribution to the spawning stock biomass for a recruit of
a specific age (e.g., per age 2 individual). For a given
exploitation pattern, rate of growth, and natural mortality, an
expected equilibrium value of SSB/R can be calculated for each level
of F. A useful reference point is the level of SSB/R that would be
realized if there were no fishing. This is a maximum value for
SSB/R, and can be compared to levels of SSB/R generated under
different rates of fishing. For example, the maximum SSB/R for
Georges Bank haddock is approximately 9 kg for a recruit at age 1.
Speed
trolling
A system of boat control in
which a lure is trolled behind a boat moving at fast speed
Spigot
The joint in a rod where one section fits
neatly into the other.
Spincasting
reel
A closed-faced, push
button-operated reel which sits on top of a casting rod; ideally
suited for beginners
Spine
A single, median supporting element of a fin,
usually stiff. Distinguished from a ray in that it is single,
median, never branched or jointed.
Spinner
A lure that consists of one or more blades
attached to a central wire shaft with a clevis; the blades spin.
Spinner bait
Differs from an ordinary spinner in that the
blade is attached to one end of the bent safety pin wire and the
other end of the wire is moulded into the head of a Jig
Spinning
This method uses a reel with a fixed spool hung
below a rod fitted with oversized guides; when the angler turns the
handle of the reel, a metal bail engages the line and deposits it on
the spool
Splitshot
A type of weight used for light tackle angling
that is pinched directly onto the line
Split shot
Small, round, slotted weights that pinch on to
the line and are used when float fishing. Various sizes are
available, from number 13 (the smallest) to SSG, or swan shot (the
largest).
Spooking
Frightening a fish spool the section of a reel
that holds the coiled fishing line
Spool knot
A knot for tying line to the spool of a reel.
Spoons
Lures that are stamped from flat metal, varying
in size, weight, and thickness.
Spread bulk
A string of closely spaced small split shot
used on the line in float rigs in place of larger bulk shot.
Springtip
A legering bite indicator that screws into the
tip ring of a rod, a springtip comprises a length of plastic or cane
on a short spring.
Squatts
Tiny white maggots that are the larvae of
houseflies, squatts are mainly used in groundbait for bream, but can
also be loosefed and used on the hook with light tackle on slow and
still waters for small fish. Squatts dyed red and bronze are
commonly available.
Stacking
lures
Placing more than one lure at
different depth intervals, using one rod, usually with the aid of a
downrigger
Stalking
Stealthily fishing for individual fish spotted
at close range in clear water.
Stalking rod
A short, usually 2.4m (8ft), through-action rod
designed for catching large fish at close quarters in often tight,
overgrown swims.
Standard
length
The straight distance between the
tip of the snout and the base of the caudal fin rays.
Standardization
The
procedure of maintaining methods and equipment as constant as
possible.
Starlight
A small plastic tube, containing a chemical
that emits light for several hours, which can be attached to a float
or other bite indicator for fishing at night.
Status of
exploitation
An appraisal of
exploitation is given for each stock discussed in the Species
Synopsis section using the terms unknown, protected, not exploited,
underexploited, moderately exploited, fully exploited, and
over-exploited. These terms describe the effect of current fishing
effort on each stock, and is based on current data and the knowledge
of the stocks over time.
Steak
Fishing with small slivers of raw steak on the
hook and feeding minced beef can be an effective method for chub.
Stick baits
Cigar-shaped plugs with no built-in action,
baits with added scents
Stick float
A slim trotting float that is fished top and
bottom, a stick float comprises a buoyant balsa top and a heavier
cane, plastic, lignum or wire stem. Stick floats are mainly used
with light tackle and small baits such as maggots.
Stick float
rod
A tip-action float rod with a solid
spliced tip for a quick pick-up of the line on the strike when stick
float fishing.
Strike Zone
The term strike zone is the area of water that
the fish is in and is willing to travel and chase after any
available bait/lure that passes through that area. This is usually a
relatively small area as far as depth is concerned. If a bass is in
8 feet of water its strike zone would be considered from about 4 to
8 feet. Depending on the water clarity it could go all the way to
the surface. To keep your lure in the strike zone you have to
remember that to get your lure to that depth you have to cast past
where you want your lure to go, consider the distance that the lure
has to travel as it's diving to get to that depth and then as it
nears your rod it starts to travel back out of the strike zone. It
sounds likes it's pretty complicated to do this but it really isn't
and only takes about a fraction of a second to think about it.
Stickleback
A small, hardy fish which is common throughout
much of Britain.
Stock
A specific population of fish spawning in a
particular stream during a particular season.
Stock A
part of a fish population usually with a
particular migration pattern, specific spawning grounds, and subject
to a distinct fishery. A fish stock may be treated as a total or a
spawning stock Total stock refers to both juveniles and adults,
either in numbers or by weight, while spawning stock refers to the
numbers or weight of individuals which are old enough to reproduce.
Stone
Rock fragments larger than 25.4 cm (10 inches)
but less than 60.4 cm (24 inches).
Stonfo
A small, sleeved plastic device for connecting
the float rig to the elastic when fishing the pole.
Straight
waggler
A waggler with no body or
insert, mainly used for fishing at full depth in running water.
Straying
A natural phenomena of adult spawners not
returning to their natal stream, but entering and spawning in some
other stream.
Streamers
Wet flies made of feathers usually imitating
baitfish
Strike
The instant a fish contacts a bait
Stringer
A number of boilies attached to the hook with
soluble PVA string to act as free offerings close to your hookbait
in the water.
Stringer
needle
A small, hand-held tool like a
long, thin crochet hook, for threading a string of boilies on to a
PVA stringer.
Stripping
Line pulling line off the reel by hand
Structure
Any natural or man-made physical feature in a
body of water; e.g., boulders, docks, weeds
Stunted fish
Fish whose growth is severely hampered by
environmental factors such as overpopulation
Styl pincers
A tool for pinching Styls on to the line with
even pressure.
Styls
Small, elongated split shot preferred to
ordinary small shot by some anglers for delicate pole rigs.
Subabdominal pelvic
fin
Said of pelvic fins when placed
forward on abdomen but not attached internally to pectoral girdle.
Subadult
A developmental life stage when fish exhibit
most but not all traits of an adult fish.
Submandibular
pores
Pores found in some species that
are located on the underside of the lower jaw
Subsurface
lures
Lures designed to run at shallow
depths
Sunken float
paternoster
A float rig for pike fishing
where the bait is on a separate link, making it a paternoster. The
float's only purpose is to hold the rig off the bottom and has no
bite detection function, so it sits below the surface.
Subpopulation
A well-defined set of interacting individuals
that compose a proportion of a larger, interbreeding population.
Subspecies
A population of a species occupying a
particular geographic area, or less commonly, a distinct habitat,
capable of interbreeding with other populations of the same species.
Subyearling
A developmental life stage of fish that are
less than one year old.
Success (of
fishing)
Catch per unit of effort.
Supramaxilla
A small bone attached to the posterior end of
the maxilla, dorsally.
Surface plug
A plug that floats and splashes across the
surface on the retrieve. They are mostly used to catch summer pike.
Surplus
Production
Production of new weight by a
fishable stock, plus recruits added to it, less what is removed by
natural mortality. This is usually estimated as the catch in a given
year plus the increase in stock size (or less the decrease). Also
called; natural increase, sustainable yield, equilibrium catch .
Survival Rate
Number of fish alive after a specified time
interval, divided by the initial number. Usually on a yearly basis.
Suspended
fish
Fish holding in an area anywhere
off bottom to the surface
Sustainable
yield
The number or weight of fish in a
stock that can be taken by fishing without reducing the stock
biomass from year to year, assuming that environmental conditions
remain the same.
Sweetcorn
Frozen or tinned sweetcorn is an effective bait
for many fish, and can readily be dyed and flavoured.
Swim
The area of water within casting range of your
fishing position, and in which you are fishing.
Swimfeeder
A weighted, plastic device used in place of a
leger weight and filled with groundbait or particle baits such as
maggots, to attract fish into the vicinity of your hookbait.
Swimfeeder
rod
An 3.4-4m (11-13ft) rod, usually
incorporating one or more interchangeable push-in quivertips, but
with a stiffer middle section than an ordinary quivertip rod, for
casting swimfeeders. Light, medium and heavy models are available.
Swim-up fry
A salmonid fry that is swimming in the water
column in search for food.
Swinger
A bite indicator used in legering that
comprises a swinging arm that you attach to your line between the
reel and the butt ring. As a fish takes, it pulls the swinger up
giving a visible indication of the bite.
Swingtip
A sensitive, screw-in rod-top bite indicator
for stillwater legering that comprises a 30cm (12in) or so length of
cane or plastic hanging from a rubber hinge. kinking.
Swivel device
Attached to line which prevents line twist
Наверх |
T
TAC
Total allowable catch is the total regulated
catch from a stock in a given time period, usually a year.
Tail
The length of line, including the hooklength,
between the hook and a leger or paternoster.
Tailing
A method of landing a fish by grasping it near
the tail
Taper
An area that slopes gradually and evenly
towards deeper water
Tapered line
Main or lead line that decreases in diameter
towards both ends (double taper) or towards one end (weight forward
and shooting heads)
Tares
A large seed bait commonly used on the hook in
conjunction with loosefed hempseed for roach.
Target board
A circular or square plastic plate screwed into
a bank stick and positioned behind a rod-top bite indicator such as
a quivertip, to make it easier to spot bites when legering and to
shield the bite indicator from the wind.
Teardrop pole
float
See 'Body-down pole float'.
Temperature
preference
The specific temperatures at
which a given species functions most efficiently
Tench
An olive-green, powerful bottom-feeding fish
found mainly in still waters, tench grow to 4.5kg (10lb) or more,
although a 2.3kg (5lb) fish is a specimen.
Terminal
mouth
Said of the location of the mouth
when it opens at the end of the head, as in trout.
Terminal
tackle
The equipment at the end of the
fishing line, including hooks, lures, weights, and leaders
Territory
The area that an animal defends, usually during
breeding season, against intruders of its own species.
Test curve
The amount of pull, in kilograms or pounds and
ounces, you have to exert on a rod to bend the tip until it is at
right angles to the butt.
Texposed
A Texas rigged plastic bait that has the point
of the hook going through the plastic, thus esposing the point of
the hook. This is a good rig to use in relatively brush or weed free
water conditions
The Method
A method developed for catching small carp with
a rig comprising a short hooklength attached to a frame swimfeeder
by a short length of powerful pole elastic. The hookbait is often
buried in a ball of groundbait moulded around the feeder.
Thermal
stratification
The process whereby a
lake divides into layers of water with different temperature ranges
Thermocline
A horizontal band of temperature change in a
stratified body of water between the epilimnion and hypolimnion
Thoracic
pelvics
Said of the pelvic fins when
attached immediately below the pectorals and connected internally
with the pectoral girdle.
Through-action
rod
A rod that bends progressively
through its length from the tip to the handle.
Throwing
stick
A stick with a scoop at one end,
for one-handed loosefeeding. Large versions are good for flicking
out baits such as boilies, smaller ones for baits such as maggots.
Very large versions are also available for feeding balls of
groundbait.
Tip-action
rod
A rod that bends only through the
tip and middle sections.
Tippet
The fine end of a leader where a fly is tied;
it is classified by size
Tip-up
A type of line-holding device used in ice
fishing that indicates a strike
Top-water
lure
Lures that float and are designed
to be retrieved on the surface
Top and bottom
float
Any float, but usually a stick,
balsa or Avon, attached to the line with float rubbers at the top
and bottom.
Topper
See 'Crowquill Avon'.
Touch
legering
Feeling for bites on the line
above the reel with your fingertips while legering.
Trace
A hooklength which may be made of wire, braided
nylon or monofilament nylon.
Transition
area
The place where one structure or
water type ends and another begins; e.g., rock bottom turning into
gravel
Treble hook
Three hooks with their shanks welded together
and connected to the line or a wire trace by a single eye. Trebles
are mainly used when fishing with deadbaits, livebaits or artificial
lures for pike and zander.
Treble-hook
guard
A moulded plastic device that
clips on to treble hooks to guard their points when not in use.
Trigger
The sight, sound, smell, taste, texture, or
vibration of a lure which entices a fish to strike
Trolling
A method of angling whereby lures or baits are
presented by a moving boat.
Trotting
Fishing a bait below a float, especially a
top-and-bottom float, by letting it run down a river with the
current.
Trout pellets
Soaked to soften them, trout pellets can be a
good bait for many fish, but especially carp and tench. They can be
used as floaters, loosefed, ground up and added to groundbait, or
made into a paste.
Truncate
caudal
Said of the margin of the caudal
fin when it is squared off as in some catfish.
Trunk myomeres of
lampreys
The number of body segments
between the last gill opening and the cloacal slit.
Tucked half blood
knot
A blood knot with the tag end
tucked back through the final loop so that it points back up the
line. It may be less prone to slipping than a standard half blood
knot.
Tule
Fall chinook stock native to the Columbia River
tributaries.
Tungsten
putty
A dense, mouldable substance
mainly used by carp anglers on hooklengths to anchor critically
balanced baits and floaters in the right position.
Turbidity
Suspended particles in water
Turmeric
A yellow powdered spice used by many river
match anglers to degrease, colour and flavour large maggots.
Turnover
period
A brief period when lakes or
reservoirs are in the process of mixing water layers of different
temperatures
Twitcher
A barely detectable bite given by large carp
when they pick up the bait but do not move off with it.
Twitcher
wheel
A wheel that you can fit into some
electronic bite alarms that increases the sensitivity of the alarm
to twitcher bites.
Twitching
Inducing a fish to bite by twitching the bait
with a slight turn of the reel handle or a small movement of the rod
tip.
Two-storey fish
community
The relationship between
species in a body of water where the warmer-water species inhabit
the upper layer and the cooler-water species inhabit the deeper,
colder portion Type N coho
A coho stock that rears in ocean waters off the
mouth of the Columbia River and northward to the northern Washington
coast.
Type S coho
A coho stock that rears in ocean waters off the
mouth of the Columbia River and southerly to northern California.
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U
Undulating To
move in waves. Referring to the movement of a female fish's tail in
a waving motion used to move gravel for the construction of a redd.
Unhooking mat
A thick, soft, often inflatable, plastic mat,
to lay large fish on when unhooking them, so protecting them from
damage.
Up-trace
A wire trace which sits in a rig above the bait
trace. It prevents a pike biting through the main line when it takes
the bait in a float paternoster rig.
Upriver Bright stock
(URB)
A stock of fall chinook destined
for the Columbia River and several tributaries upstream from The
Dalles Dam. These fish enter the Columbia from early August with the
peak of the run at Bonneville Dam in early September.
Upwelling
The movement of nutrient rich waters from the
bottom of the ocean to the surface.
Usable Stock
The number or weight of all fish in a stock
that lie within the range of sizes customarily considered usable (or
designated so by law). Also called; *standing crop.
Utilized Stock,
Utilized Population
The part, by number,
of the fish alive at a given time, which will be caught in future.
Наверх |
V
Vaned plug
A plug with a metal vane at the front, which
can be adjusted to work the plug at different depths.
Vanilla
A popular bait and groundbait flavouring in
powder or liquid form, especially attractive to bream.
Ventral fins
See pelvic fins.
Vermiculations
Irregular lines or impressions like worm
tracks.
Virtual
Population
Utilized stock.
Virtual population
analysis (or cohort analysis)
An
analysis of the catches from a given year class over its life in the
fishery. If 10 fish from the 1968 year class were caught each year
for 10 successive years from 1970 to 1979 (age 2 to age 11), then
100 fish would have been caught from the 1968 year class during its
life in the fishery. Since 10 fish were caught during 1979, then 10
fish must have been alive at the beginning of that year. At the
beginning of 1978, there must have been at least 20 fish alive
because 10 were caught in 1978 and 10 more were caught in 1979. By
working backward year by year, one can be virtually certain that at
least 100 fish were alive at the beginning of 1970. A virtual
population analysis goes a step further and calculates the number of
fish that must have been alive if some fish also died from causes
other than fishing.
Vomer
The most anterior bone of the roof of the
mouth; may bear teeth.
V-shaped rod
rest
A V-shaped rod rest is a rigid,
notched, V-shaped rod rest that lightly supports the front of your
rod when legering, without trapping the line. Наверх |
W
Waggler
A float attached to the line at the bottom-end
only, usually with locking shot, and which can be used in all types
of water with small baits such as maggots and casters.
Waggler rod
A float rod with a hollow tip section and a
more through-action than a spliced-tip stick float rod, to absorb
the shock of the vigorous strikes often needed when waggler-fishing
to pick up the line and set the hook.
Walking
sinkers
Sinkers designed to move across
the bottom, avoiding snags
Walking the
Dog
"Walking the dog" is a term given to
a type of retrieve used with certain types of topwater baits. To
perform this type of retrieve you hold your rod tip down and give it
a little twitch, this causes your bait to turn one direction. Reel
up the slack just a little then you then give it another twitch and
this causes your bait to turn to the opposite direction. You
continue this type of motion until you get your bait coming to you
in a zig-zag pattern. Not all topwater lures can be retrieved this
way. The most famous and popular lure for this is the Zara Spook.
Wallis cast
A method of casting a float or leger with a
centrepin reel by giving the line a sharp tug as you cast to set the
drum of the reel spinning, and casting so the rig flies out at the
same speed as line is peeling off the drum. It takes a bit of
practise.
Wand
A short (1.8-3m/6-10ft), sensitive quivertip
rod designed for very light, close-range legering with fine tackle.
Warmwater
fish
A broad classification on
non-salmonid fish that generally have at least one spiny ray, have
pelvic and pectoral fins located behind the gills, and are usually
suited for water that consistently exceeds 70 degrees F.
Washing-up
liquid
Used to make line sink,
washing-up liquid can be applied direct to the line on the reel or
to a sponge on a rod rest.
Wasp grubs
A deadly bait for chub, especially when used
with groundbait containing a wasp's nest mashed up in boiling water.
Water knot
A knot for joining two pieces of line.
Wave action
Wave action disturbs water surface, deters
light penetration, and causes a shift in water temperature, current,
and forage distribution
Weak stock
"Listed in the Integrated System Plan's list of
stocks of high or highest concern; listed in the American Fisheries
Society report as at high or moderate risk of extinction; or stocks
the National Marine Fisheries Service has listed. ""Weak stock"" is
an evolving concept; the Council does not purport to establish a
fixed definition. Nor does the Council imply that any particular
change in management is required because of this definition."
Weed guards
Devices of wire, plastic, rubber, or nylon
attached to hooks which prevent their points from becoming snagged
Weedline
The outside or inside edge of weedbeds
Weed rake
A device comprising the heads of two rakes
welded together and fixed to the end of a rope, for clearing water
weed.
Weedcutter
A small, curved blade that can be screwed into
the end of a landing net handle or long bank stick to cut marginal
weed.
Weedless
lures
Artificial lures designed so that
their hooks don't get snagged up when used in weedy water.
Weigh sling
A net designed to hold large fish such as carp
and pike safely while you weigh it.
Weir (fish
trap)
Usually a barrier constructed to
catch upstream migrating adult fish.
Wels catfish
A hard-fighting, nocturnal, large-mouthed,
whiskered, bottom-feeding fish introduced to Britain and found in a
few still waters, wels catfish grow to 23kg (50lb) or more.
Wet flies
Flies designed to sink below surface
Wheat
Soaked and boiled grains of wheat are a
traditional roach bait, but can also be good for tench and carp.
They can be flavoured and dyed.
Whip
A short 1.5-6m (5-20ft), telescopic or partly
telescopic pole with a soft flick-tip, designed for catching small
fish to hand.
White crumb
White breadcrumbs are commonly used in place of
brown crumb to make a slightly heavier groundbait mix.
Wigglers
Nymph stage of the giant mayfly
Wild carp
Also known as wildies, wild carp are descended
from carp bred by monks in monastery ponds in the Middle Ages, and
are now found in only a few still waters. They are similar in
appearance to common carp, but with slimmer bodies, and grow to 7kg
(15lb).
Wire lining
Using metal line to present lures when trolling
Wild
populations
Fish that have maintained
successful natural reproduction with little or no supplementation
from hatcheries.
Wild stock
A stock that is sustained by natural spawning
and rearing in the natural habitat, regardless of parentage
(includes native).
Wire-stemmed pole
float
Wire-stemmed pole floats are more
stable than ones with cane or carbon stems and are designed for
fishing on the bottom rather than on the drop.
Wire-stemmed stick
float
A stick float with a wire stem has
greater stability in windy conditions and turbulent flow than a
cane-stemmed stick float. The heavy stem also allows the hookbait to
be held back hard.
Wire-tipped pole
float
Wire-tipped pole floats are
designed for fishing on the bottom on still waters and canals with
small baits for small fish, and register the slightest of bites.
Wire
thickness
There are broadly three
thicknesses of wire. Fine wire hooks are ideal for presenting small
baits such as pinkies and bloodworm as they damage the bait less.
They are also light and don't affect bait presentation too much.
They tend to straigthen out when under pressure from a big, fighting
fish, however. Forged hooks are thick wire and very strong, but they
are heavy and tend to spoil perfect bait presentation. They are
ideal for catching big, hungry fish. Medium-wire hooks are somewhere
between the two other types and make ideal general coarse hooks.
Wire trace
A wire trace between the hook and main line is
essential when fishing for pike, catfish and big eels, to prevent
the fish biting through the line.
Wobbled
deadbait
A deadbait mounted on a set of
trebles so that there is a bend in the body of the fish, and slowly
retrieved so that it wobbles through the water, resembling a fish in
distress.
Worm rigs
Specialized combinations of hooks, weights, and
plastic or natural worms
Wormery
An aerated container such as a plastic dustbin,
stocked with redworms or brandlings, which are kept fed and
encouraged to breed with regular helpings of horse manure, grass
cuttings, vegetable peelings, used teabags and the like.
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Y
Year Class
All of the fish/offspring of a given fish
species in a given year
Yearling
A one year old fish.
Yield-per-recruit
The expected lifetime yield-per-fish of a
specific age (e.g., per age 2 individual). For a given exploitation
pattern, rate of growth, and natural mortality, an expected
equilibrium value of Y/R can be calculated for each level of F.
Yolk
The food part of an egg.
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Z
Zander
A streamlined predatory fish, like a cross
between a pike and a perch in appearance, but actually a separate
species. Zander were introduced to Britain from Europe in several
separate waves between 1880 and 1950. They are found mainly in the
east of England.
Zooplankton
Small aquatic animals that are suspended or
swimming in water.
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